Journal of Ergonomics
Open Access

Abstract

Are Bus Drivers at an Increased Risk for Developing Musculoskeletal Disorders? An Ergonomic Risk Assessment Study

Sandul Yasobant, Madhan Chandran and Endreddy Manikanta Reddy

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), especially low back pain and neck pain cause substantial socio-economic losses. Professional drivers are particularly at high risk for developing back pain and neck pain from prolonged sitting and vehicular vibration. This study assesses ergonomic exposure on the developmental risk of WMSDs among bus drivers.
Methodology: total of 280 male drivers with acute body pain in any region were randomly selected for the study, and ergonomic information on driver’s seat was collected using a validated questionnaire. Then the exposure and risks of developing WMSDS were assessed using Quick Exposure Check (QEC), Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ).
Results: The results of QEC showed that back and shoulder had very high exposure followed by neck and wrist. REBA revealed that nearly half (46%) of the drivers were at high risk of developing WMSDs, whereas14% were at very high risk and 29% were at medium risk. As per RULA, 46% of bus drivers needed further ergonomic investigation and modification of workstation/work style, indicating that the risk for WMSDs is potentially high. Among others, 29% were at moderate risk and 14% were at low risk, whereas 11% were at very high risk, requiring immediate change. From NMQ, it was found that 26% of drivers had musculoskeletal problems in the neck, 24% in the back, 20% in the upper limbs (shoulder and wrists were equally affected), 6% in the knees and 4% in the ankles.
Conclusion: The current study evaluated the risks of developing WMSDs among bus drivers. Exposure to unsafe ergonomic practices/conditions and health risks were evident from the findings of the study. Prospective studies are necessary to confirm the cause and effect in this association. Ergonomic intervention measures with workplace health promotion activities need to be implemented in order to reduce the risk of WMSDs among bus drivers.