Journal of Psychology & Psychotherapy
Open Access

Abstract

Does Brain Sweat Pay Off?: The Association between the Need for Cognition and Cognitive Function among the American Elderly

Nelson Mauro Maldonato, Raffaele Sperandeo, Vania Costa, Valeria Cioffi, Pasquale Cozzolino, Rosa Maria De Santo, Maria Luigia Fusco, Vittoria Silviana Iorio, Daniela Albesi, Patrizia Marone and Chiara Scognamiglio

Background: The global incidence of impaired cognition increases with the overall aging of the population. Regarding prophylactic measures, it is unclear whether engaging in cognitively-stimulating activities can decrease the risk of cognitive impairment.

Objective: To determine the association between Need for Cognition and cognitive ability within a representative mirroring sample of the elderly population in the United States.

Methods: We evaluated the association between Need for Cognition (measured through cognitive effort and enjoyment scores) as a predictor and neurocognitive scores (number series, concept formation, calculations, word attack, picture vocabulary, auditory working memory and similarities) as outcomes using the CogUSA dataset.

Results: A total of 1,174 participants of at least 64 years of age were part of this analysis. Participants attending college (49.4%) presented higher cognitive effort and enjoyment scores. The findings demonstrate a two-factor structure, the first related to neurocognitive tests and the second related to need for cognition, with good factor loadings.

Conclusion: Need for Cognition and neurocognitive ability is strongly correlated and could perhaps be constructed as a single factor. Future research should focus on assessing the relationship between the Need for Cognition and cognitive function in the context of a multitude of other factors, thus determining the contribution of individual factors under different circumstances.