Journal of Clinical Toxicology
Open Access

Abstract

Exploring Tri-Ortho-Cresyl Phosphate Neurotoxicity and Underlying Mechanisms

Lan Jiang, Yue Yang, Xiangsheng Tian, Fangyan Hu and Dingxin Long*

Tri-Ortho-Cresyl Phosphate (TOCP), an organophosphorus compound, is highly toxic and can induce, for instance, neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and immunotoxicity. In particular, TOCP is known to cause a delayed neurodegenerative condition known as organophosphate-induced delayed neurotoxicity, which affects both the central and peripheral nerves, resulting in permanent damage to the neurological system. This review focuses on the neurotoxic effects of TOCP and the research that has been conducted to elucidate pertinent underlying mechanisms, including inhibition of NTE activity, alterations of cytoskeletal proteins, calcium imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy, etc., and provides an overview of some interventions for OPIDN and other strategies such as adrenocortical hormones and vitamin B as well as clinical drugs and protein factors.

Published Date: 2024-07-18; Received Date: 2024-06-17