Biochemistry & Pharmacology: Open Access
Open Access

Abstract

Impact of Interval and Resistance Training Intervention on Glycemic Index, Aerobic Capacity, Cardiac Structure and Performance in Adolescent Males with Type 1 Diabetes

Hossein Saki, Farzad Nazem*, Farnaz Fariba

Background: Structural and functional disorder dysfunction often does not have obvious symptoms in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). However, exercise can improve cardiac performance in children with T1D, and its efficacy is directly related to index glycemic. The purpose of this study was to examine the 1) effect of 12 weeks of Interval and Resistance Training (IRT), and 2) 1 month of detraining on the cardiac structure and myocardial performance of adolescent males with T1D.

Methods: 24 adolescent males with T1D (FBS: 274.67 ± 52.99, age: 15.20 ± 1.78) and 12 healthy (FBS: 90.75 ± 5.47, age: 15.08 ± 1.67), were divided into three groups: Healthy Control (HC), Diabetes Control (DC), and Exercise Diabetes (DE). DE group performed 12 weeks of three times per week IRT. Blood glucose indices, echocardiography parameters, and peak oxygen consumption (VO₂peak) were measured in base conditions, after the exercise intervention, and in the 1 month detraining period. The statistical method used for data analysis was repeated measures ANOVA.

Results: In the DE group, the Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) significantly decreased, and VO₂peak increased dramatically after intervention (P<0.05). Variables of Ejection Fraction (EF), Fractional Shortening (FS), early diastolic inflow velocity (E) tricuspid, and velocity during active atrial contraction (A) tricuspid significantly increased, but left ventricular internal diameter, Deceleration Time (DT) tricuspid, and DT mitral significantly decreased (P<0.05). HbA1c levels, left ventricular diameter, DT tricuspid, E tricuspid, A tricuspid, EF, and VO₂peak remained significantly improved compared to baseline after detraining (P<0.05).

Conclusions: In adolescent's males with T1D, who undertook intervention, training associated with improved heart cardiac structure and performance, may have induced adaptations in cardiac anatomy and performance, and appears to be partially reversible in this age group.

Published Date: 2025-01-14; Received Date: 2023-10-25