Journal of Pollution Effects & Control
Open Access

Abstract

Persistence of Organophosphorus and Pyrethrinoid Insecticides, used for Malaria Control, in Soil and Water: Case of the District of Vohipeno, South-Eastern Madagascar

Solonomenjanahary JS, Ratsimbasoa A, Rafarasoa LS and Rasoloariniaina JR

Malaria still persists in underdeveloped countries, including Madagascar, where it is the eighth leading cause of morbidity in Madagascar (SSS, 2011). Thanks to the application of the two insecticide-impregnated mosquito nets (ITN) and the Intra-Home Spraying Campaign (IDAC) systems, this rate has risen from 21.57% in 2003 to 5% in 2011 for children under 5 years of age and from 17.57% to 2.3% in 2011 for children over 5 years of age. The malaria mortality rate increased from 25.92% to 19% for children under 5 years of age and from 13.5% to 5% for those over 5 years of age (SSS, 2011). However, these control methods are based on the use of pesticides and require great caution. Indeed, due to poor practice, organophosphorus (insecticide used in CAID) and pyrethrinoid (insecticide impregnated on ITNs) were detected after analysis The instrument used was an Infinity 1290 Agilent Technologies HPLC Infinity 1290 system (Santa Clara, CA, USA) coupled with an Agilent Technologies 6460 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in soil, surface water and groundwater from the three villages (Tanandava, Vohitramba and Savagna) in the south-eastern region of Madagascar where sampling takes place.