Journal of Clinical and Cellular Immunology
Open Access
ISSN: 2155-9899
ISSN: 2155-9899
Alexandre Tavartkiladze*, Gaiane Simonia, Pati Revazishvili, Maia Maisuradze, Dinara Kasradze, Givi Tavartkiladze, Rusudan Khutsishvili and Irine Andronikashvili
Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer characterized by the absence of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2) amplification. This study aimed to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers associated with disease progression in TNBC. We compared glycolysis indicators, inflammatory markers, neurotransmitters, Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and adaptive biomarkers across three groups such as patients with advanced TNBC, non-advanced TNBC (T1N0M0G1) and healthy controls.
Our results showed significant metabolic reprogramming in TNBC, with elevated lactate and pyruvate levels indicating a reliance on glycolysis. Inflammatory markers such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) alpha were markedly increased in advanced TNBC, reflecting a chronic inflammatory state that supports tumor progression. Neurotransmitter levels, particularly dopamine and serotonin, were critically low in advanced TNBC patients, suggesting severe neuroendocrine disruption. Elevated levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were associated with enhanced extracellular matrix degradation and a high metastatic potential.
The study also highlighted the role of hepcidin, a regulator of iron metabolism, in TNBC. Elevated hepcidin levels were linked to anaemia of chronic disease and the potential use of hepcidin inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy was explored as a therapeutic strategy. Survival analysis indicated that patients with irreversible increases in these biomarkers had significantly shorter survival times, underscoring their prognostic significance.
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of key biomarkers in TNBC, offering insights into their roles in disease progression and potential therapeutic targets. Future research should focus on validating these biomarkers and exploring novel therapeutic approaches to improve outcomes for TNBC patients.
Published Date: 2024-08-01; Received Date: 2024-07-02