Journal of Proteomics & Bioinformatics
Open Access

Abstract

Review on the Role of Gene Editing Technology for the Targeted Animal Diseases

Ermias Menbere*, Ketema Tafess, Abdi Ahmed, Wubishet Zewude and Sisay Getachew

Gene editing is a technique of improving the genetic makeup of organisms by deletion of infected alleles, the wild type of sequence modified or integration of exogenous Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) to obtain new gene function. Gene editing is achieved by zinc finger nucleases, transcriptional activating like effector nucleases and recently with newly modified genetic tools known as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) is used to edit the non-functional genes into functional genes. The natural defense mechanisms of prokaryotes against phage invasion coordinated in three stages, adaptation, CRISPR Ribonucleic Acid (crRNA) synthesis and targeted interference. The mechanisms of CRISPR/Cas9 actions completed three parts that are recognition, cleavage and repairing process. The engineered Guide RNA (gRNA) components derived from the natural crRNA, the guiding part and loop forming Trans-Activating CRISPR RNA (tracrRNA) (scaffold) artificially combined to engineered Single Guide RNA (sgRNA). The nuclease and recognition sites make Cas9 protein. Currently scientific communities focused on CRISPR/Cas9 based gene editing due to its high effectiveness than other gene editing tools. Since recent times, gene editing tools were widely applicable in plants for yield increment, disease resistant also drought resistant and in human diseases like cancers, haemophilia and cystic fibrosis. The gene editing technology is also becoming widely applied for the targeted treatment of animal diseases such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea (PED) and transmissible gastroenteritis, bovine tuberculosis and mastitis. Therefore, this review was aimed to understand the recent updates on genome editing technology and its role for the targeted animal diseases.

Published Date: 2024-09-09; Received Date: 2024-08-09