Journal of Clinical Toxicology

Journal of Clinical Toxicology
Open Access

ISSN: 2161-0495

+44 1478 350008

Abstract

The Effects of Active Fractions and Ethanolic Fruit Extract of Raphia hookeri on Aluminium Chloride-Induced Toxicity in Male Wistar Rats

John Akighir*, Eje Ojochenemi Yakubu, Chinedu Imo, Ayu Agbecha, Ikani Richard Odama and Msughter Martin Ganyam

Aluminium (AL) is the third most abundant element in the earth’s crust and constitutes about 8% of the total mineral components. The availability of AL has recently drawn more attention to its bio-toxicity. Hence the effects of aluminium chloride (Alcl3) toxicity on haematological profile administered active fractions and ethanolic fruits extract of Raphia hookeri in male wistar rats were investigated.

Methodology: A total of 110 healthy male wistar rats weighing 180-200 g were grouped into 11 groups of 10 rats each. Group 1: Normal feed and water (normal control); Group 2: Alcl3; Group 3: 200 mg/kg b.wt. of vitamin C; Group 4 and 5: N-hexane fraction at 10 and 20 mg/kg b. w; Group 6 and 7: Ethyl acetate fraction at 10 and 20 mg/kg b. w; Group 8 and 9: Aqueous fractions at 10 and 20 mg/kg b. w; Group10 and 11: Ethanol extract at doses of 200 mg/kg b. w and 400 mg/kg b. w. The treatment lasted for 21 days.

Results: Results revealed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in all the treatment groups when compared with the negative control (2.71 ± 0.60). A significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase of Hemoglobin (Hb) was observed when all the treatment groups were compared with the negative control (6.88 ± 0.48). Haematocrit (HCT) revealed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in all the treatment groups when compared with the negative control (25.82 ± 2.00). Mean Cellular Volume (MCV) revealed non-significant (p ≤ 0.05) difference when Alcl3+Eth 20 mg (73.04 ± 1.16), Alcl3 + 10 mg aq (71.82 ± 0.81), Alcl3+20 mg aq (72.95 ± 1.04), and Alcl3+Crude 200 mg (72.70 ± 0.96) were compared with the negative control (73.38 ± 1.76). MCH also revealed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in all the treatment groups when compared with the negative control group (13.30 ± 1.70). Mean cellular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) further revealed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase when all the treatment groups were compared with the negative control (19.08 ± 3.42). There was significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in WBC in all the treatment groups when compared with the negative control (13.10 ± 1.1). PLT revealed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in all the treatment groups when compared with the negative control group (1020.00 ± 64.37). Lymphocyte (LYM) % revealed a non-significant (p ≤ 0.05) difference in all the treatment groups except Alcl3+ Crude 400 mg (73.02 ± 2.60), when compared with the negative control group (88.86 ± 3.6). LYM# revealed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in all the treatment groups: Alcl3+Vit. C (200 mg) (4.82 ± 1.36), Alcl3+10 mg aq (5.82 ± 0.58), Alcl3+n-h 20 mg (7.22 ± 0.72), Alcl3+Eth 10 mg (8.86 ± 1.05), Alcl3+10 mg aq (5.82 ± 0.58), Alcl3+20 mg aq (7.25 ± 1.64), Alcl3+ Crude 200 mg (7.66 ± 1.31), Alcl3+Crude 400 mg (6.38 ± 0.97 when compared with the negative control.

Conclusion: The ethanol fruit extract of R. hookeri (Rh) demonstrated augmenting effect on Alcl3- induced haematotoxicity. These effects may be due to the presence of some phytochemicals which prevented the deleterious effects of Alcl3 on RBCs membrane with subsequent stimulation of the hematopoietic activity in the bone marrow.

Published Date: 2023-12-22; Received Date: 2023-11-22

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