Anatomy & Physiology: Current Research
Open Access

Abstract

The Role of Genetics in Brain Structure and Function

Bruce A Young

The human brain, with its complex networks and unparalleled complexity, serves as the command center for all cognitive, emotional, and physiological processes. At the core of this remarkable organ lies a genetic blueprint that governs its structure and function. The role of genetics in shaping the brain's architecture and influencing its myriad functions is a topic of intense scientific inquiry, offering insights into neurological disorders, cognitive abilities and the very essence of human identity. From the earliest stages of embryonic development, genetic instructions guide the formation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells, laying the foundation for the complex architecture of the brain. Genes encode signalling molecules and transcription factors that orchestrate the patterning of the developing brain, specifying the identity and fate of different neuronal populations. Mutations or alterations in these genes can disrupt normal neural development, leading to structural abnormalities or neurodevelopmental disorders.

Published Date: 2024-07-31; Received Date: 2024-07-01