Annals and Essences of Dentistry
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A Short Note on Treatment Programs for Hyperdontia

Mahima Nalawade^{* *}Correspondence: Mahima Nalawade, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manubhai Patel Dental College, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, Email:

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Description

Supernumerary teeth, or teeth that develop in excess of the normal number of teeth, are known as hyperdontia. They can affect any dental organ and show themselves anywhere along the tooth arch. The opposite of hyperdontia is hypodontia, which is a more frequent disorder than hyperdontia and is characterized by a congenital absence of teeth. They could be arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically.

There is an indication that this illness is caused by both inherited and some environmental causes. Multiple hyperdontia, in contrast to a single excess tooth, is uncommon in individuals without any additional disorders or syndromes. A large number of supernumerary teeth never erupt, however they can interfere with orthodontic treatment or postpone the eruption of neighboring teeth.

The most prevalent variety is additional teeth of the molar type. X-rays of the mouth are frequently used to identify hyperdontia.

Types

Based on their location and form, supernumerary teeth can be categorized. Several of the shapes are shown here:

• Supplemental

• Tuberculate

• Conical

• Compound odontoma

• Complex odontoma

Signs and Symptoms

A disruption of the maxillary incisor region is linked to the appearance of extra teeth, especially in young children. As a result, the incisors frequently become impaction throughout the mixed dentition stage. The study examining this took into account a wide range of additional variables, including the patient's age, the quantity, morphology, growth orientation, and position of the extra tooth. In addition to this problem, having an extra tooth can prevent the eruption of nearby healthy or additional teeth. Therefore, when a supernumerary tooth is discovered, it must be treated appropriately, taking into account the possibility of incisal crowding. Some people's extra teeth may erupt inside their maxillary sinus, far from the dental arch. After development, the extra teeth could also move to a new area. Cysts may develop as a result of extra teeth in various situations. People with hyperdontia usually experience crowding.

Treatment

These teeth are frequently excised for aesthetic reasons, to allow for the emergence of additional teeth, for orthodontic reasons, and/or because there is a suspected pathology even though they are typically asymptomatic and represent no threat to the person. This is done especially if the mesiodens is located near the central incisor of the maxilla. Bone chisels are used in the traditional way of removal, although a more sophisticated procedure has been proven to be more advantageous, especially if surgery is required. Using piezoelectricity, piezoelectric ultrasonic bone surgery may take longer than the conventional approach, but it appears to considerably lessen post-operative bleeding and related problems.

Conclusion

Contrary to a single excess tooth, multiple hyperdontia is unusual in people without any other illnesses or syndromes. Supernumerary teeth frequently do not erupt, but they may interfere with orthodontic therapy or delay the eruption of nearby teeth. Additional molar-type teeth are the most common type. Hyperdontia is usually detected with oral X-rays. Supernumerary teeth can be divided into different groups based on their position and shape. Extra teeth are associated with a disturbance of the maxillary incisor area, especially in young children. Even though they are frequently asymptomatic and pose no risk to the person, these teeth are frequently removed for cosmetic reasons, to make room for the eruption of future teeth, for orthodontic purposes, and/or because there is asuspected abnormality. This is done particularly if the mesiodens are close to the maxillary central incisor.