Annals and Essences of Dentistry
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Intraoral Radiographic Views of a Dental Radiographs

Arun Khosla^{* *}Correspondence: Arun Khosla, Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Mar-Baselios Dental College, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India, Email:

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Description

Dental radiography is also known as X-rays. Radiographs are used by dentists for a variety of things, such as finding cavities, cancerous or benign tumors, unseen dental structures, and bone loss.

A radiographic image is created by a controlled burst of X-ray radiation that, depending on the anatomical densities, enters oral structures at various depths before impacting the film or sensor. Because less radiation passes through teeth to the film, they seem lighter. The periodontal ligament, dental cavities, infections, and other changes in bone density all seem darker because X-rays can easily penetrate these less thick tissues. Depending on the material's density, dental restorations (fillings, crowns) may appear lighter or darker.

Intraoral radiographic views

Periapical view: To examine the periapical region of the tooth and the surrounding bone, periapical radiographs are performed.

The film or digital receptor for periapical radiographs should be positioned vertically parallel to the whole length of the teeth being scanned.

Periapical radiography is typically recommended during

• Cystic alterations and apical inflammation/infection.

• To evaluate periodontal issues.

• Traumatic fractures of the tooth and/or the nearby bone.

• Before and after an apical extraction. Considering root shape and any developmental anomalies prior to extraction. Radiography taken after extraction to check for any root fragments or other collateral effects.

• Identify any unerupted teeth and their location.

• Assessment of implants.

Due to their straightforward procedure, low cost, and low radiation dose, intraoral periapical radiographs are frequently employed for preoperative purposes in clinical settings.

Bitewing view: The bitewing view is used to see the posterior teeth's crowns and the height of the alveolar bone in relation to the cementoenamel junctions, which serve as the boundaries between the tooth crown and root on the teeth. In order to check for interdental caries and recurrent cavities under current restorations, routine bitewing radiographs are frequently employed. The films may be positioned with their longer dimension in the vertical axis when there is significant bone loss in order to more clearly see their levels in respect to the teeth. Bitewing images, which are obtained from an angle that is about perpendicular to the buccal surface of the teeth, depict the bone levels more correctly than periapical views without maxillary and mandibular information. The front teeth's bitewings are not typically taken.

The term "bitewing" refers to a little piece of paper or plastic that, when bit on, causes the X-ray film to hover, permitting it to record an equal quantity of maxillary and mandibular data.

Occlusal view: The occlusal view displays the pathogenic or structural anatomy of the palate or the floor of the mouth. The maxillary and mandibular teeth are completely separated by the occlusal film, which is three to four times the size of the periapical or bitewing film. The film is exposed either from beneath the chin or at an angle from the top of the nose. It is occasionally inserted into the inner cheek to determine whether a sialolith is present in Stenson's duct, which transports saliva from the parotid gland. The typical full mouth series does not cover the occlusal view.

(a) A 45° anterior occlusal mandible: The image receptor is put centrally within the mouth, on the occlusal surface of the lower arch, with the collimator positioned in the midline, via the chin, aiming at an angle of 45°. The indications are as follows:

• For individuals who are unable to tolerate periapical radiography, the periapical condition of the lower incisor teeth.

• Determine the size of lesions like tumors or cysts in the anterior portion of the jaw.

(b) A 45° lateral occlusal mandible: Aiming upwards and forward at the image receptors that are positioned in the middle of the mouth, on the occlusal surface of the lower arch, thecollimator is situated from behind the angle of the mandible and parallel to its lingual surface. Patients are required to move their heads away from the testing side. The indications include;

• The presence of any sialoliths in the salivary glands beneath the mandible

• Used to show lower 8s that has not yet erupted

• Determine the size of lesions such as tumors or cysts in the body's posterior region and the angle of the mandible.

Full mouth series: A whole mouth series is an extensive collection of intraoral X-rays of the patient's teeth and surrounding hard tissue. Complete Mouth Radiographic Series (CMRS) is frequently used to shorten this. 18 films from the whole mouth series were shot on the same day, of which 4 are bitewings, 8 are posterior periapicals and 6 anterior periapicals.

Bitewings: It includes

• A pair of molar bitewings (left and right)

• Left and right premolar bitewings

Posterior periapicals: It includes

• Two periapical maxillary molars (left and right)

• Two periapical maxillary premolars (left and right)

• Two periapical mandibular molars (left and right)

• Two premolar periapicals on either side of the mandible.

Anterior periapicals: It includes

• Two canine-lateral incisor periapicals on the maxilla (left and right)

• Two canine-lateral incisor periapicals on the mandible (left and right)

• Two periapicals on the central incisors (maxillary and mandibular)

Conclusion

Dental radiography is also known as X-rays. A radiographic image is created by a controlled burst of X-ray radiation that, depending on the anatomical densities, enters oral structures at various depths before impacting the film or sensor. Depending on the material's density, dental restorations (fillings, crowns) may appear lighter or darker. Considering root shape and any developmental anomalies prior to extraction. Radiography taken after extraction to check for any root fragments or other collateral effects. In order to check for interdental caries and recurrent cavities under current restorations, routine bitewing radiographs are frequently employed. The maxillary and mandibular teeth are completely separated by the occlusal film, which is three to four times the size of the periapical or bitewing film. A whole mouth series is an extensive collection of intraoral X-rays of the patient's teeth and surrounding hard tissue. 18 films from the whole mouth series were shot on the same day.