ISSN: 2150-3508
+44 1478 350008
Abdullah Salim Al-Zaidan
Director of Biodiversity Conservation Department, Kuwait Environment Public Authority (KEPA), State Government Office,
Shuwaikh Industrial
Kuwait
Research Article
The Acute Effects of Un-ionized Ammonia on Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Author(s): Abdullah Salim Al-Zaidan*
Abdullah Salim Al-Zaidan*
Zebrafish is a commonly used species in toxicology studies investigations such as molecular genetics, histopathology and developmental biology. A toxicity test was conducted to investigate the effects of toxic ammonia (NH3) in relation to time and concentration by establishing a measurable endpoints for chemical exposure and monitoring the biological responses on zebrafish exposed to high levels of toxic ammonia concentration using ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) as E1: 17.21 mg/l, E2: 24.51 mg/l, E3: 25.81 mg/l, E4: 32.11 mg/l and E5: 38.91 mg/l NH3-N at 24 hr, 48 hrs and 72 hrs periods. Fish exposed to the high levels of toxic ammonia exhibited hematological, histopathological and molecular alterations to the gills, liver and kidney at all exposure periods 24 hrs, 48 hrs and 72 hrs. The interrelation between the hematological, histopathological and gene ex.. View More»
DOI:
10.4172/2150-3508.1000212