Journal of Clinical and Cellular Immunology
Open Access
ISSN: 2155-9899
ISSN: 2155-9899
Daniel L. Metzger
Canada
Review Article
The Role of T-Cell Costimulatory Pathways in Regulation of Autoimmune Diabetes
Author(s): I-Fang Lee, Dawei Ou, Daniel L. Metzger and Garth L. WarnockI-Fang Lee, Dawei Ou, Daniel L. Metzger and Garth L. Warnock
Many factors contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes. Targets for treating this debilitating disease will become more apparent by understanding the nature of immune activation. This review examines the possibility of targeting costimulation and discusses the molecules found on the T cell and the antigen-presenting cell (APC) that participate in T-cell activation. The B7-1/B7-2:CD28/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) pathway has been shown to be crucial in regulating T-cell activation and tolerance. Novel members of the B7-CD28 superfamily have recently been discovered, and they appear to be particularly important for regulating the responses of previously activated T cells. Superimposition of inhibitory signals, such as those delivered by CTLA-4 and the programmed death (PD)-1-PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) pathway, leads to a complex network of positive and negative costimu.. View More»
DOI:
10.4172/2155-9899.S2-002