Journal of Clinical and Cellular Immunology
Open Access
ISSN: 2155-9899
ISSN: 2155-9899
Graeme Mullins
Canada
Research Article
Interleukin-4 Expressed By Neoplastic Cells Provokes an Anti-Metastatic Myeloid Immune Response
Author(s): Connie S Zhang, Hyeyeon Kim, Graeme Mullins, Kathrin Tyryshkin, David P LeBrun, Bruce E Elliott and Peter A GreerConnie S Zhang, Hyeyeon Kim, Graeme Mullins, Kathrin Tyryshkin, David P LeBrun, Bruce E Elliott and Peter A Greer
Objective: Interleukin-4 (IL-4) can induce macrophages to undergo alternative activation and polarize toward an M2-like or wound healing phenotype. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are thought to assume M2-like properties, and it has been suggested they promote tumor growth and metastasis through effects on the tumor stroma, including extracelluar matrix remodeling and angiogenesis. IL-4 also promotes macrophage survival and formation of multinucleated giant cells, which have enhanced phagocytic behavior. This study was designed to explore the effect of cancer cell derived IL-4 on the tumor immune stroma and metastasis. Methods: The metastatic mouse mammary carcinoma cell line AC2M2 was transduced with control or IL-4 encoding retroviruses and employed in orthotopic engraftment models. Tumor growth and metastasis .. View More»
DOI:
10.4172/2155-9899.1000329