Journal of Clinical and Cellular Immunology
Open Access

Graeme Mullins

Publications

• Research Article
  Interleukin-4 Expressed By Neoplastic Cells Provokes an Anti-Metastatic Myeloid Immune Response
  Author(s): Connie S Zhang, Hyeyeon Kim, Graeme Mullins, Kathrin Tyryshkin, David P LeBrun, Bruce E Elliott and Peter A GreerConnie S Zhang, Hyeyeon Kim, Graeme Mullins, Kathrin Tyryshkin, David P LeBrun, Bruce E Elliott and Peter A Greer
  
  Objective: Interleukin-4 (IL-4) can induce macrophages to undergo alternative activation and polarize toward an M2-like or wound healing phenotype. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are thought to assume M2-like properties, and it has been suggested they promote tumor growth and metastasis through effects on the tumor stroma, including extracelluar matrix remodeling and angiogenesis. IL-4 also promotes macrophage survival and formation of multinucleated giant cells, which have enhanced phagocytic behavior. This study was designed to explore the effect of cancer cell derived IL-4 on the tumor immune stroma and metastasis. Methods: The metastatic mouse mammary carcinoma cell line AC2M2 was transduced with control or IL-4 encoding retroviruses and employed in orthotopic engraftment models. Tumor growth and metastasis .. View More»
  DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000329

  Abstract PDF

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