Journal of Clinical and Cellular Immunology
Open Access
ISSN: 2155-9899
ISSN: 2155-9899
Guy A Cardineau
Mexico
Review Article
Reverse Vaccination and Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Using Plant-Produced Autoantigens and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines
Author(s): M Lucrecia Alvarez, Stefania Cotta Done and Guy A CardineauM Lucrecia Alvarez, Stefania Cotta Done and Guy A Cardineau
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune form of diabetes mellitus that accounts for about 10% of all diabetes cases and occurs predominantly during childhood or adolescence. The disease initiates when most of the insulinproducing β-cells in the pancreas are destroyed by autoimmune cells, including T-helper 1 cells, cytotoxic lymphocytes and dendritic cells. The major autoantigens in T1D are insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and insulinoma antigen. At-risk individuals with underlying islet inflammation can be identified by the presence of circulating autoantibodies to these specific islet antigens many years before the clinical onset of T1D, thus, providing a window for prevention strategies. Currently, there is no definitive cure for T1D; therefore, more effective therapeutic interventions for prevention of diabetes onset and progression are urgently needed. Vaccination with a.. View More»
DOI:
10.4172/2155-9899.S2-007