Journal of Clinical and Cellular Immunology
Open Access
ISSN: 2155-9899
ISSN: 2155-9899
Makoto Yamagishi
Graduate School of Frontier Sciences,
4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639
Japan
Review Article
New Paradigm of T cell Signaling: Learning from Malignancies
Author(s): Makoto Yamagishi and Toshiki WatanabeMakoto Yamagishi and Toshiki Watanabe
T cells are key mediators of cell-mediated immunity. Their functions and proliferation result from T cell-specific receptor signaling (TCR/CD28) that activates the NF-κB, NFAT, Ras-MAPK, and PI3K-Akt pathways. Their development and activation also involve a complex array of signaling pathways that regulate gene expression networks, including signaling of mTOR, Notch, Wnt, Hedgehog, TGF-β, and toll-like receptors. Furthermore, recent discoveries have provided two molecular hallmarks of potential generality: miRNA patterns and polycomb-mediated epigenetic reprogramming, which can strongly coordinate the balance between molecular networks in lymphocytes. Their deregulation apparently causes T cell disorders, such as T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), and human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1)-induced adult T cell leukemia (ATL). This review continues with a description .. View More»
DOI:
10.4172/2155-9899.S12-007