Journal of Clinical and Cellular Immunology
Open Access
ISSN: 2155-9899
ISSN: 2155-9899
Nicole Trager
Tanzania
Review Article
The Involvement of Calpain in CD4+ T Helper Cell Bias in Multple Sclerosis
Author(s): Nicole Trager, Jonathan T Butler, Azizul Haque, Swapan K Ray, Craig Beeson and Naren L BanikNicole Trager, Jonathan T Butler, Azizul Haque, Swapan K Ray, Craig Beeson and Naren L Banik
The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is mediated by massive infiltration of myelin-specific T cells into the central nervous system (CNS). Self-reactive CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, specifically Th1 and Th17 cells, are hallmarks of active disease in progression, whereas Th2 cells are predominately in remission stages. Calpain has been shown to be upregulated in the CNS of MS patients and inhibition of calpain has been shown previously to decrease disease in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. We investigated calpain involvement in Thcell bias. Here, we show that calpain inhibition in primary myelin basic protein (MBP) Ac1-11-specific T cells and MBP-specific T cell line cultures increase Th2 proliferation, cytokine profile, and transcription and signaling molecules. We also show a relative decrease in Th1 inflammatory factors in these same categ.. View More»
DOI:
10.4172/2155-9899.1000153