Journal of Oceanography and Marine Research
Open Access
ISSN: 2572-3103
+44 1300 500008
ISSN: 2572-3103
+44 1300 500008
Ogunola OS
International Studies in Aquatic Tropical Ecology,
Germany
Review Article
Physiological, Immunological, Genotoxic and Histopathological Biomarker Responses of Molluscs to Heavy Metal and Water-Quality Parameter Exposures: A Critical Review
Author(s): Ogunola OSOgunola OS
Aquatic molluscs are ideal invertebrate model systems for monitoring environmental quality and toxicology. However, they are subjected to a wide variety of stressors including the heavy metals, Cadmium, Arsenic, and adverse waterquality conditions, thermal, hypoxia that can have significant effects on host physiology, biochemical and histology. When acting singly or in combination, both stressors represent a serious threat to the health of the invertebrate communities by enhancing the production of reactive oxygen species, ROS, which can cause oxidative alterations. They have been proposed and reported to cause significant ecological damage to the mollusc population through a reduction in scope of growth leading to overall small size of individuals, mutation or DNA damage, immunosuppression, tissue deformities and abnormalities, disease outbreaks, mass mortalities, amongst others. Thi.. View More»
DOI:
10.4172/2572-3103.1000158