Journal of Osteoporosis and Physical Activity
Open Access
ISSN: 2329-9509
+44 1478 350008
ISSN: 2329-9509
+44 1478 350008
Saul D
Clinic for Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic Surgery and Plastic Surgery,
Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen
Germany
Review Article
Why Age Matters: Inflammation, Cancer and Hormones in the Development of Sarcopenia
Author(s): Saul D, Schilling AF, Kosinsky RLSaul D, Schilling AF, Kosinsky RL
In an aging population, the decline in muscle mass and strength in combination with a high prevalence of osteoporosis and cancer leads to a multitude of clinical manifestations. In the recent years, mouse models of wasting in cancer and inflammation, including xenograft, genetic and chemically induced models, allowed to uncover several key mechanisms underlying muscle loss. These include inflammation, hormone alterations and deregulated protein degradation. Inflammation is associated with increased expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and interleukin (IL)-6 and is therefore linked to inflammatory bowel diseases or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Moreover, active NF-κB signaling and IL-6 secretion commonly occurs in malignancies and cancer-induced cachexia. The ubiquitin proteasome-mediated degradation of prote.. View More»
DOI:
10.4172/2329-9509.1000191