Journal of Fundamentals of Renewable Energy and Applications
Open Access
ISSN: 2090-4541
+44 1300 500008
ISSN: 2090-4541
+44 1300 500008
Sokoto Energy Research Center, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
Research Article
Application of Green Catalyst Synthesized from Snail Shell in Conversion of
Marula Seeds Oil to Biodiesel
Author(s): C Muhammad, MN Almustapha, AD Tambuwal, Buhari Idris* and Bashar Hadi Abdullahi
With the aim of developing a process of biodiesel production that is environmentally benign greater
interest is been focused on the use of solid base catalysts, such as calcium oxide, for the transesterification
of vegetable oils. Snail shell was subjected to calcination–hydration–dehydration treatment to obtained
CaO. The resulting CaO catalyst was characterized using XRF, XRD and FTIR analysis. The optimization
process was carried out using Box-Behnken design on Design Expert (version 6) software. The effect
of reaction variables such as temperature (˚C), reaction time (min), methanol to oil ratio and catalyst
concentration (g) on the transesterification process was investigated. The model developed showed
optimum conditions for biodiesel production as follows: Catalyst concentration of 0.5 g, temperature
of 60˚C, methanol to oil ratio o.. View More»