Clinical & Experimental Cardiology
Open Access
ISSN: 2155-9880
+44 1300 500008
ISSN: 2155-9880
+44 1300 500008
Associate Professor, The Children’s hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
Dr. Gul Afshan is currently working as a Assistant Professor at Department of Pediatric Cardiology, The Children's Hospital & The Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan. Her research interests are Cardiology, Pediatric Cardiology¸ Paediatric pathology, Environmental Psychology, Social Psychology. she had published more than 20 articles in many journals and the articles are informative and got good citations.
Research Article
Frequency of Major Aorto-Pulmonary Collaterals in Patients with Tetralogy of Fallot in Our Patients
Author(s): Syed Najam Hyder*, Gul Afshan, Tehmina Kazmi and Usaid Qurashi
Introduction: Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries (MAPCAs) are blood vessels that bring systemic blood flow to the pulmonary arteries, are a complex and heterogeneous condition. They develop in response to decreased pulmonary blood flow and cyanosis. Our institutional approach to this lesion emphasizes early management before complete repair.
Objectives: To determine the frequency of major aorto-pulmonary collaterals in patients with tetralogy of fallot in our patients.
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