Translational Medicine
Open Access

Department of Biochemistry and Biosciences, Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Calderdale Royal Infirmary, HX3 0PW, Halifax, UK

Publications

• Research Article   
  Using End-Tidal CO₂ Measurement as a Tool to Diagnose Pulmonary Embolism
  Author(s): Badie Jacob*, Fanila Shahzad, Hassan Ugail, Jonathan Walker, Andrew Scally and Mojgan Najafzadeh*
  
  Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is a serious medical condition that presents diagnostic challenges due to its non-specific signs and symptoms. In the pathophysiology of PE, pulmonary vascular artery obstructions can cause a range of symptoms, from mild to severe, depending on the size and location of the obstruction. Unfortunately, current diagnostic tests for PE, such as Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiogram (CTPA) and plasma D-dimer measurement, are inefficient and costly. However, hypoxia and hypocapnia are two hallmark signs of PE, which manifest as decreased oxygen levels and increased carbon dioxide levels, respectively. Therefore, measuring End-Tidal CO2 (ETCO2) levels, which indicate the level of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in expiration, is a feasible and straightforward method for diagnosing PE. We conducted a study with 479 patients to investigat.. View More»
  DOI: 10.35248/2161-1025.24.14.317

  Abstract HTML PDF