Advanced Techniques in Biology & Medicine
Open Access

A Brief Note on the History of Prescription Drug

Amal Negewo^{* *}Correspondence: Amal Negewo, Department of Mental Health Law and Policy, University of South Florida, Florida, USA, Email:

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Description

Prescription drugs is referred to as a medicament, medicine, pharmaceutical drug, or simply a drug. A significant area of medicine is drug therapy, or pharmacotherapy, which depends on the science of pharmacology for ongoing development and ongoing pharmacy for effective management.

There are many different categories for drugs. One of the important division is by level of control, which separates prescription drugs from over-the-counter medications (prescription drugs are those that a pharmacist only delivers on the direction of a doctor, physician assistant, or qualified nurse) (those that consumer scan order for themselves). Another important distinction is that biopharmaceuticals, which include recombinant proteins, vaccines, blood products used therapeutically (such as IVIG), gene therapy, monoclonal antibodies, and cell therapy, differ from traditional smallmolecule drugs, which are typically made through chemical synthesis (for instance, stem-cell therapies). Biological systems impacted, delivery method, mode of action, and therapeutic outcomes are further classification categories for medications. The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System is a sophisticated and popular classification scheme (ATC system). The list of necessary medications is maintained by the World Health Organization.

Prescription drug history

Wgerhard Domagk introduced antibiotics to medicine for the first time in 1932, when they were referred to as "wonder medications." The fatality rate from pneumonia in the United States decreased from 0.2% per year to 0.05% by 1939 as a result of the introduction of sulfa medicines. By using a chemical compound of microbial origin, antibiotics prevent the growth or metabolic activities of bacteria and other microbes. A few years later, penicillin was developed, offering a wider range of activity than sulfa medications and fewer adverse effects. In addition to being the most well-known of a lengthy list of significant antibiotics, streptomycin, which was discovered in 1942, proved to be the first medication effective against the cause of tuberculosis. The 1940s saw the introduction of aureomycin and chloramphenicol as the second generation of antibiotics. The second generation's best-known antibiotic was aureomycin.

In the 19^th century, lithium was found for use in treating nerve illnesses and for its potential to have a preventive or moodstabilizing effect.

During the decline of lithium, valpromide was used in France. This antibiotic served as the prototype for the medicine that later gave rise to the group of mood stabilisers. Both the treatment of acute manic events and the ongoing management of manic states benefited from the specific psychotrophic effects of valpromide. Psychotropics come in sedative or stimulating forms; sedatives work to temper excesses in behaviour. Stimulants attempt to return things to normal by raising tone. The idea of a tranquillizer, which was very distinct from any sedative or stimulant, soon emerged. Through the 1980s, the term tranquillizer replaced the idea of sedatives as the prevalent phrase in the West. In Japan, the term tranquillizer gave rise to the idea of a psyche-stabilizer during this time, and the phrase mood stabiliser disappeared.

Meprobamate was the first mild tranquillizer. Meprobamate had only been available for fourteen months when it rose to the position of top-selling prescription medication in the nation. Meprobamate was the medicine with the fastest growth rate in history by 1957. Meprobamate's popularity cleared the door for the development of Librium and Valium, two mild tranquillizers that belonged to the benzodiazepines, a new chemical class of medications. These medicines mostly functioned as muscle relaxants and anti-anxiety medications. Librium was the first benzodiazepine. Librium had become the most commonly prescribed tranquillizer in the country three months after it was licenced. Three years later, Valium was introduced and was ten times more powerful as an anti-convulsant and muscle relaxant Of the less potent tranquillizers, valium was the most adaptable. Major tranquillizers like chlorpromazine and the medication reserpine later gained widespread use. Sales of Valium and Librium started to fall in 1970, while sales of new and improved tranquillizers, such as Xanax, which was released in 1981 for the newly recognised diagnosis of panic disorder, skyrocketed.

Conclusion

Pharmaceutical corporations, academia scientists, and governments all engage in complicated and expensive initiatives related to drug research and development. Because of the complicated process involved in moving a medication candidate from discovery to commercialization, partnering is now considered best practice. Governments typically control how pharmaceuticals are promoted, what drugs can be marketed, and in some places, how much drugs cost Disposal of old medications and drug pricing have become contentious issues.