Advanced Techniques in Biology & Medicine
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A Cursory Viewpoint on Parkinsons disease

Abhilasha Singh^{* *}Correspondence: Abhilasha Singh, Department of Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Himachal Pradesh, India, India, Email:

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Abstract

Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder in which your movements become uncontrollable. The disease ordinarily starts gradually and advances over the long run. You may tremble, have muscular stiffness, and have difficulty walking and keeping your balance and coordination if you have Parkinson's disease. As the condition progresses, you may suffer difficulty speaking, sleeping, thinking and memory difficulties, behavioural changes, and other symptoms. Your face might show almost no appearance in the beginning phases of Parkinson's infection. At the point when you walk, your arms may not swing. It's conceivable that your voice will become quieted or slurred. The indications of Parkinson's infection strengthen as the sickness creates [1].

Key Words: Parkinson's; Substantia nigra's; Chronic illness; Cerebrum

Introduction

Although there is no cure for Parkinson's disease, medicines can help you feel better. Every so often, your PCP might prescribe a medical procedure to work on your side effects by directing specific spaces of your mind. It's a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by the loss of the substantia nigra's dopamine-producing cells. There is no consistently accurate test that can identify Parkinson's disease from other diseases with comparable clinical signs and symptoms. The diagnosis is largely clinical, based on the patient's medical history and physical examination. At the point when nerve cells (neurons) in the substantia nigra of the cerebrum become harmed or pass on, Parkinson's sickness creates [2]. These cells usually generate dopamine, a chemical (neurotransmitter) that assists brain cells in communicating (transmitting information, or "messages," between brain regions). These nerve cells generate less dopamine when they are damaged or die. Dopamine is particularly crucial for the activity of the basal ganglia, another part of the brain. The brain's orders for bodily movement are organised in this region of the brain. Parkinson's disease patients' movement symptoms are caused by a lack of dopamine [3].

Clinical Symptoms

1. Alterations in movement, such as tremors.

2. Coordination and balance problems that might lead a person to lose items or fall over.

3. A loss of sense of smell.

4. When walking, a person's stride alters, causing them to lean forward slightly or shuffle.

5. Facial expressions that are fixed owing to changes in the nerves that govern the muscles of the face.

6. A tremble in the voice or a softer tone.

7. Handwriting that is more cramped and smaller.

8. Sleep disturbances caused by restless legs and other issues.

Causes and Prevention

Because the origin of Parkinson's disease is unclear, there are no established treatments to avoid the condition [4]. According to certain studies, regular aerobic exercise may lower the risk of Parkinson's disease. Other studies have showed that people who drink caffeine — which is present in coffee, tea, and cola — are less likely to get Parkinson's disease than those who don't. Green tea has also been linked to a lower risk of Parkinson's disease. However, it is still unknown if caffeine prevents Parkinson's disease or is linked to it in some other manner. There is currently insufficient data to show that drinking caffeinated beverages can protect against Parkinson's disease [5].

Conclusion

Finally we only say that Parkinson's disease is a chronic illness that causes neurological abnormalities in the body. Experts are unsure why Parkinson's disease develops, although genetic and environmental factors may be involved. Experts have discovered substantial connections between previous traumatic brain damage and toxic exposure. Although exercise, a good diet, and avoiding pollutants may all assist to prevent Parkinson's disease, there is currently little data to back up this theory.

References

1. Wood-Kaczmar A, Gandhi S, Wood NW. Understanding the molecular causes of Parkinson's disease. Trends Mol Med. 2006;12(11):521-528.
2. Chou KL, Zamudio J, Schmidt P, Price CC, Parashos SA, Bloem BR, et al. Hospitalization in Parkinson disease: a survey of national Parkinson foundation centers. Parkinsons Dis. 2011;17(6):440-445.
3. Lang AE, Lozano AM. Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med. 1998;339(16):1130-1143.
4. Shulman JM, De Jager PL, Feany MB. Parkinson's disease: genetics and pathogenesis. Annual Review Pathol Mech Dis. 2011;6:193-222.
5. Charcot JM. Lectures on the diseases of the nervous system: delivered at la Salpêtrière. Lea; 1879.