Advances in dairy Research
Open Access

A significance of Mastitis in Dairy Farm

Angelina Elote^{* *}Correspondence: Angelina Elote, Department of Biochemistry, Harvard University, Massachusetts, USA, Email:

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Description

The profitability of a dairy farm is mostly based on reproductive success, which is influenced by a variety of variables including the environment and illnesses. Mastitis is a widespread and serious condition that has cost the global dairy businesses a considerable amount of money. Immune reactions brought on by mammary gland infection lead to abnormal hormone and cytokine release as well as faulty ovarian, corpus luteum, uterine, and embryonic development. Mastitis-affected cows have a delayed oestrus, a lower pregnancy rate, and a higher chance of abortion. Numerous variables, including mastitis incidence period, pathogen, and cow characteristics, have an impact on the negative consequences of mastitis on reproductive performance.

Due to its significant financial impact on the dairy farm due to production losses brought on by a rise in somatic cell count, intramammary infections of dairy cows with Gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus (a primary cause of mastitis) have drawn a lot of attention. Globally, the proportion of S. aureus isolates and subclinical mastitis have significantly decreased as a consequence of management initiatives, which include increased knowledge of efficient milking and sanitary procedures.

Other organisms, including the environmental bacteria Streptococcus uberis and Coliform Subspecies, which also cause clinical mastitis, have received less attention. Around parturition and throughout the first few lactations, Escherichia coli in dairy cows produces inflammation of the mammary gland, which manifests clinically as acute local, and often very severe systemic symptoms. In dairy herds, this illness affects a lot of high-yielding cows and result in multiple deaths each year. It is generally recognized that environmental, bacterial, and cow variables interact to affect mastitis susceptibility. E. coli pathogenicity, cow variables govern the severity of E. coli mastitis. The host defence state affects the course of the illness during E. coli mastitis and is a key determinant. Today, we understand that the neutrophil plays a crucial role in cow defence against E. coli intramammary infection. For the infection to clear up and the course of E. coli mastitis to be successful, neutrophils must effectively eliminate the pathogen. An increasing number of dairy farms throughout the world have Automatic Milking Systems (AMS) installed.

On farms employing an AMS as opposed to farms milking using a conventional milking method, management to ensure excellent udder health may change due to potential differences in mastitis risk factors. The purpose of this study was to use an AMS to determine farm level characteristics connected to mastitis in dairy farms.

Mastitis in dairy cattle is one of the major causes of antimicrobial consumption in dairy cattle and is exceedingly expensive in terms of both the economy and animal welfare. The identification of the primary pathogen transmission channel into Contagious (CONT) or Environmental (ENV), with environmental being further differentiated as transmission during either the nonlactating "dry" phase or lactating period, is a crucial step in the prevention of mastitis. Reduced udder health is strongly correlated with poor cleanliness. On farms using an AMS, the teat washing procedure is carried out mechanically, hence the management of hygiene may vary.