Journal of Nanomedicine & Biotherapeutic Discovery
Open Access

Advances of Nano-Emulsions Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy

Marcia Olhaberry^{* *}Correspondence: Marcia Olhaberry, Department of Nanomedicine, University of de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Email:

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Description

In the pharmaceuticals and biotechnology the innovative drug delivery systems among the many breakthroughs in this field, nano emulsion stands out as a promising technology with vast potential to revolutionize drug delivery. Nano emulsions are colloidal dispersions of oil and water stabilized by an interfacial film of surfactant molecules, typically with droplet sizes ranging from 20 to 200 nanometers. This diminutive scale offers a myriad of advantages over conventional drug delivery systems, making Nano emulsions a focal point and development in various therapeutic applications.

The formation of Nano emulsions involves the creation of tiny droplets of one immiscible liquid (usually oil) dispersed within another immiscible liquid (typically water), aided by the use of surfactants and sometimes cosurfactants. This process can be achieved through several methods including high-pressure homogenization, ultra sonication, and phase inversion temperature techniques. The resulting nanoemulsion comprises a highly stable colloidal system with unique physicochemical properties.

One of the most notable features of nanoemulsions is their exceptionally small droplet size, which grants them a large interfacial area and increased stability against coalescence and sedimentation. This stability is crucial for maintaining the homogeneity and efficacy of the formulation over extended periods, thereby ensuring consistent drug delivery. Additionally, the nanoscale dimensions of the droplets enhance their bioavailability and tissue penetration, facilitating efficient absorption and distribution of therapeutic agents within the body. Enhanced bioavailability nanoemulsions improve the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs, leading to enhanced bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. By encapsulating hydrophobic drugs within oil droplets, nanoemulsions overcome barriers to absorption and facilitate their transport across biological membranes.

Targeted delivery the small size of nanoemulsion droplets enables them to penetrate biological barriers such as mucosal linings and cellular membranes, allowing for targeted delivery of drugs to specific tissues or cells. This targeted approach minimizes off-target effects and maximizes therapeutic outcomes while reducing systemic toxicity. Sustained release nanoemulsions can be engineered to exhibit controlled or sustained release characteristics, prolonging the duration of drug action and minimizing the frequency of dosing. By modulating the composition and structure of the emulsion.

Improved stability compared to conventional emulsions, nanoemulsions offer superior stability against physical and chemical degradation, thanks to their small droplet size and enhanced interfacial properties. This stability ensures the longterm integrity of the formulation during storage and transportation, minimizing the need for preservatives and refrigeration. Nanoemulsions are highly versatile platforms that can accommodate a wide range of therapeutic agents, including small molecules, proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids. This versatility extends their applicability across diverse therapeutic areas such as oncology, infectious diseases, dermatology, and ophthalmology. The application of nanoemulsions in medicine spans a broad spectrum of therapeutic areas; with ongoing studies exploring their potential in cancer therapy nanoemulsions enable the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to tumor sites, improving their accumulation within cancerous tissues while minimizing systemic exposure and adverse effects.

Infectious diseases nanoemulsions exhibit antimicrobial properties and can be utilized for the delivery of antibiotics, antifungals, and antiviral agents to combat infectious diseases. Dermatology nanoemulsions offer a promising approach for the topical delivery of drugs to treat skin conditions such as acne, psoriasis, and eczema, enhancing their penetration and efficacy. Ophthalmology nanoemulsions are being investigated for ocular drug delivery, enabling the efficient delivery of therapeutics to the anterior and posterior segments of the eye for the treatment of conditions such as glaucoma and macular degeneration. Nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals: Nanoemulsions serve as effective carriers for the encapsulation and delivery of nutraceuticals, vitamins, antioxidants, and cosmetic actives, enhancing their stability and bioavailability.

Nanoemulsions continues to advance, the potential applications of this technology are poised to expand further. Future developments may focus on the refinement of formulation strategies, optimization of drug loading and release kinetics, and exploration of novel surface modification techniques to enhance targeting and biocompatibility. Moreover, the integration of nanoemulsions with complementary technologies such as nanoparticles, liposomes, and micelles could lead to synergistic advancements in drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy. In conclusion, nanoemulsions represent a paradigm shift in drug delivery, offering a versatile and efficient platform for the encapsulation, delivery, and targeting of therapeutic agents. With their unique properties and wide-ranging applications, nanoemulsions hold the promise of transforming the landscape of medicine and improving patient outcomes across various disease states.