Cell & Developmental Biology
Open Access

Advantage of Adult Stem Cells Over Embryonic Stem Cells

Tomoko Gao^{* *}Correspondence: Tomoko Gao, Department of Cell Biology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan, Email:

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Description

A small quantity of stem cells may be discovered in adult people at specific locations, which includes with inside the bone marrow or the sub ventricular region of the brain. Until the invention of different cells within the central nervous system, it is believed that the mind turned into the handiest organ that couldn't replicate. However, it's far now clean that positive areas of the mind may also have a few restricted functionalities to update broken or useless cells resulting from endogenous stem cells.

Embryonic stem cells are obtained from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, but the origin of adult stem cells is less certain. Their sources can potentially be the same, and adult stem cells have been removed from the original sources for generations. Therefore, it has been suggested that stopping replication is a means of limiting the number of stem cells found in the body's organs. Stem cells are said to have entered a quiescent state until they receive an activation signal due to cell damage. Determining the signals that trigger adult stem cells to wake up is important to maximize their usefulness. Identifying the cause of cell rest is also of considerable value. Study shows the existence of a master switch that could trigger the switch from embryonic stem cells to adult stem cell characteristics, suggesting that this signal could come from the same source.

The original belief was that they were not as versatile, unhealthy, and long-lived as embryonic stem cells because they appeared to be limited to producing cells of similar origin (for example, stem cells from the bone marrow could only make blood cells). As a result, these cells have become known as pluripotent cells. These properties meant that adult stem cells were more difficult to manipulate or control than embryonic cells. In addition, given its presence in adults, cells may be accumulating abnormalities due to constant exposure of the organism to environmental hazards (such as viruses) or replication errors. The latter problem is usually fixed, but it is believed that as the organism ages, its ability to correct replication an error diminishes. Adult stem cells also appear to be less fertile than embryonic stem cells in most cases, thus reducing their usefulness. However, these cells have one advantage over embryonic stem cells. Therefore, it does not induce the immune rejection that can be observed in embryonic stem cells. In addition, the use of these cells is more flexible than human embryonic stem cells, especially with regard to funding.

The mesoderm layer of embryonic cells contains connective tissue, especially bone marrow and muscle. They are pluripotent cells and represent a relatively homogeneous population of mononuclear progenitor cells that can be induced to differentiate into specific cell lines following environmental stimuli. In addition, there are stromal stem cells in the bone marrow, which represent a heterogeneous population of different cell types with different proliferative and differentiating potentials. Adult stem cells are also found in blood from children, the placenta, and the umbilical cord. Adult stem cells derived from bone marrow (i.e., hematopoietic system) have been widely used for the past 30 years to successfully treat many blood-based diseases.

Current treatments include nuclear radiation exposure and transplantation to treat genetic diseases or cell carcinoma of the blood and hematopoietic system.