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Alzeihmer's: Chronic Neurodegenerative Disorder

Molkeri Mahesh^{* *}Correspondence: Molkeri Mahesh, Department of Microbiology, Government City College, India, Email:

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Introduction

Current Alzheimer's disease medications may temporarily improve symptoms or slow the speed of decline. These treatments can sometimes help people with Alzheimer's disease maximize function and maintain independence for a time.

There is no treatment that cures Alzheimer's disease or alters the disease process within the brain. In advanced stages of the disease, complications from severe loss of brain function like dehydration, malnutrition or infection, end in death.

Symptoms

Memory loss is that the key symptom of Alzheimer's disease. An early sign of the disease is typically difficulty remembering recent events or conversations. Because the disease progresses, memory impairments worsen and other symptoms develop.

At first, an individual with Alzheimer's disease could also be conscious of having difficulty with remembering things and organizing thoughts. A loved one or friend could also be more likely to note how the symptoms worsen.

Brain changes related to Alzheimer's disease cause growing trouble with:

Memory; Thinking and reasoning; Planning.

Causes

The exact causes of Alzheimer's disease aren't fully understood, but at its core are problems with brain proteins that fail to function normally, disrupt the work of brain cells and unleash a series of toxic events. Neurons are damaged, lose connections to every other and eventually die.

The damage most frequently starts within the region of the brain that controls memory, but the method begins years before the primary symptoms. The loss of neurons spreads during a somewhat predictable pattern to other regions of the brains. By the late stage of the disease, the brain has shrunk significantly.

Researchers are focused on the role of two proteins:

Plaques: Beta-amyloid may be a leftover fragment of a bigger protein. When these fragments cluster together, they seem to possess a toxic effect on neurons and to disrupt cell-to-cell communication.

Tangles: Tau proteins play a neighborhood during a neuron's internal support and transport system to hold nutrients and other essential materials. Tau proteins change form and organize themselves into structures called neurofibrillary tangles. The tangles disrupt the transport system and are toxic to cells.

Complications

Memory and language loss, impaired judgment, and other cognitive changes caused by Alzheimer's can complicate treatment for other health conditions.

As Alzheimer's disease progresses to its last stages, brain changes begin to affect physical functions, like swallowing, balance, and bowel and bladder control. These effects can increase vulnerability to additional health problems such as:

Inhaling food or liquid into the lungs (aspiration)

• Pneumonia and other infections

• Malnutrition or dehydration

• Prevention

Alzheimer's disease isn't a preventable condition. Studies have shown that preserved thinking skills later in life and a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease are related to participating in social events, reading, dancing, playing board games, creating art, playing an instrument, and other activities that need mental and social engagement.