Current Synthetic and Systems Biology
Open Access

Applications of Enzyme Engineering

Yeol Jung^{* *}Correspondence: Yeol Jung, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea, Email:

Author info »

Description

By changing an enzyme's amino acid sequence, one can increase the effectiveness of an existing enzyme or create a more sophisticated enzyme function. According to the general idea, when a substrate binds to an enzyme, the reaction involving that substrate is rendered more favourable by reducing the reaction's activation energy. Enzyme engineering is essential for developing effective biocatalysts for biological sciences and healthcare. The method of altering the sequence of amino acids and recombinant DNA mutation to create new proteins or enzymes is known as enzyme engineering or protein engineering. This is done to change a single enzyme's catalytic activity so that new metabolites can be generated. It also makes sure that a new avenue for reactions to take place. Each system has a unique method for the way the enzyme increases the rate of the reaction. According to the general idea, when a substrate binds to an enzyme, the reaction involving that substrate is rendered more favorable by reducing the reaction's activation energy. As a potential solution to the drawbacks of using native enzymes as biocatalysts, this technique has evolved. The two main strategies in enzyme engineering are directed evolution and rational design. Techniques from genetic engineering are frequently employed to increase enzyme effectiveness.

Directed evolution and rational protein design utilizing computational techniques are becoming more and more relevant for analyzing enzyme sequences and for developing novel and effective biocatalysts. A specific enzyme for a given process can be generated a variety of various methods, including the enzyme immobilization, a new enzyme design, peptidomimetics, flow cytometry, and planned divergent evolution.

Applications

The alteration of the amino acid sequence is done using an enzyme reactor. The environmental sector places a great deal of importance on enzyme engineering. Biosensors are employed in the environmental sector for enzyme and cell applications. Since microbial strains and their enzymes are crucial to the bioremediation and biotransformation processes, protein engineering has also been suggested as a way to enhance microbial processes. Enzyme characteristics include selectivity, catalytic effectiveness, and thermo stability. The creation and design of new enzymes to create novel food ingredients is one use of enzyme engineering in the food business. The modification of wheat and gluten proteins is another significant application of enzyme engineering.

The food sector also employs a range of enzymes for food processing, such as amylases and lipases. Redox proteins and enzymes can only be improved with the help of enzyme engineering. These enzymes can be modified to be employed in Nano biotechnology and biosensors as well as Nano devices. Another significant application is the engineering of industrially significant enzymes such nitrilases, aldoses, microbial beta Dxylosidases, etc. Nitrilases are crucial for biotransformation however for more advanced industrial processes, their enzymatic characteristics need to be improved. Enzymes for such processes can be improved using enzyme engineering and screening techniques. Microbial Bata D-xylosidases are also crucial in the deinking of recycled paper, the animal-feeding industry, and baking. These enzymes are employed to catalyze the hydrolysis of xylooligosaccharide non-reducing end xylose residues.