Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Nikhil Shetty*

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Introduction

Autism spectrum disorder is a condition interconnected to brain development that impacts how a person recognizes and socializes with others, causing problems in social interaction and communication

The disorder also involves limited and repetitive forms of behavior. The term "spectrum" in autism spectrum disorder refers to the wide span of symptoms and severity autism spectrum disorder undertake in early childhood and eventually causes problems functioning in society — ethically, in school and at work, for example. Often children show symptoms of autism within the first year

A compact number of children appear to evolve normally in the first year, and then go through a period of reverting between 18 and 24 months of age when they develop autism symptoms

Some children show signs of autism spectrum disorder in initial infancy, such as reduced eye contact, lack of retaliation to their name or indifference to caregivers

Other children may evolve normally for the first few months or years of life, but then suddenly become withdrawn or hostile or lose language skills they've already acquired

Signs usually are seen by age 2 years. A child or adult with autism spectrum disorder may have problems with social interlinkage and communication skills, involving any of these signs which includes fails to respond to his or her name or seems not to hear you at times Resists cuddling and holding, and seems to favor playing alone, retreating into his or her own world

A child or adult with autism spectrum disorder may have restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities, involving any of these signs: Performs repetitive gestures, such as rocking, spinning or hand flapping, Performs activities that could seed self-harm, such as biting or head-banging, Develops particular routines or rituals and becomes disturbed at the slightest change, has problems with coordination or has odd gestures patterns, such as ponderous or walking on toes, and has odd, stiff or exaggerated body language

Signs of autism spectrum disorder frequently appear early in development when there are obvious retards in language skills and social interactions

Your doctor may recommend developmental tests to recognize if your child has delays in cognitive, language and social skills, if your child: Doesn’t acknowledge with a smile or happy expression by 6 months, doesn’t imitate sounds or facial expressions by 9 months, doesn’t ramble or coo by 12 months

Autism spectrum disorder has no single known source. Given the complexity of the disorder, and the fact that symptoms and extremity vary, there are probably many causes. Both genetics and environment may play a character

Genetics

Several different genes materialize to be involved in autism spectrum disorder. For not many children, autism spectrum disorder can be related with a genetic disorder, such as Rett syndrome or fragile X syndrome

For other children, genetic substitute (mutations) may rise the risk of autism spectrum disorder. Still other genes may influence brain evolution or the way that brain cells communicate, or they may determine the seriousness of symptoms. Some genetic mutations seem to be assumed, while others occur spontaneously

Avoiding childhood vaccinations can place your child and others in hazard of catching and advancing serious diseases, including whooping cough (pertussis), measles or mumps

A broad range of intercession, from early childhood and across the life span, can optimize the development, health, well-being and quality of life of people with autism. Timely ingress to early evidence-based psychosocial interventions can upgrade the ability of children with autism to communicate effectively and interrelate socially

The monitoring of child development as part of routine maternal and child health care is suggested. It is important that, once autism has been distinguished, children, adolescents and adults with autism and their careers are provided relevant information, services, referrals, and practical support, in accordance with their individual and growing needs and preferences

The health-care needs of people with autism are complex and need a range of integrated services, that involve health promotion, care and rehabilitation. Collaboration between the health sector and other sectors, specifically education, employment and social care, is important