Immunotherapy: Open Access
Open Access

Autoimmune Disease: Condition Arising from an Abnormal Immune Response

Louisa Hempel^{* *}Correspondence: Louisa Hempel, Sigmund Freud University, Department of Medicine, Vienna, Austria, Email:

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Description

An autoimmune illness is a disorder that develops as a result of an inappropriate immune reaction to a healthy body component. There are about 80 different forms of autoimmune disorders. Almost any portion of the body can be implicated. Low-grade fever and tiredness are common symptoms. Symptoms tend to come and go. The cause has yet to be determined. Some autoimmune disorders, such as lupus, run in families, and some cases might be caused by infections or other elements in the environment. Celiac disease, diabetes mellitus type 1, Graves' disease, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematous are all autoimmune disorders. Making a diagnosis might be challenging.

Treatment is determined on the condition's kind and severity. Immunosuppressant and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Medications (NSAIDs) are frequently utilised. Intravenous immunoglobulin may also be utilised on occasion. While therapy frequently alleviates symptoms, it seldom cures the condition. An autoimmune illness affects around 24 million people in the United States. Women are more likely than males to be impacted. They frequently begin in adulthood. In the early 1900s, the first autoimmune illnesses were described.

There are more than eighty distinct forms of autoimmune disorders, all of which have similar symptoms. The appearance and intensity of these signs and symptoms are determined by the kind and location of the autoimmune reaction. An individual might have many autoimmune illnesses at the same time and exhibit symptoms from all of them. Other factors such as age, hormones, and environmental factors might impact the signs and symptoms reported, as well as the disease itself. In general, the common symptoms are Fatigue, Low grade fever, General feeling of unwell (malaise), Muscle aches and joint pain, Rash on different areas of the skin.

The reason behind this is unknown. Some autoimmune illnesses, such as lupus, run in families, and infections or other environmental factors may cause some instances. A total of 100 distinct autoimmune illnesses exist. Celiac disease, diabetes mellitus type 1, Graves' disease, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus are some of the most prevalent autoimmune disorders.

These signs and symptoms can emerge and disappear, and when they do, it's called a flare-up. Such signs and symptoms may help in diagnosis by correlating with the results of autoimmune disease biologic markers. Autoimmune illnesses have an influence on a number of different areas. Blood arteries, underlying connective tissues, joints and muscles, red blood cells, and endocrine glands are among these locations. These disorders tend to have pathological characteristics that identify them as autoimmune diseases. Damage to or destruction of tissues in the presence of an aberrant immune response, changed organ development, and altered organ function, depending on the disease's location, are examples of such traits. Some illnesses are organ-specific, affecting just certain tissues, while others are systemic, affecting several tissues throughout the body. Depending on which of these categories an individual's sickness fits under, signs and symptoms may differ.

Conclusion

According to research, there is a link between autoimmune disorders and cancer in the sense that having an autoimmune disease raises the chance of acquiring specific malignancies. Autoimmune illnesses induce inflammation in a number of ways, but the method by which inflammation is produced has no impact on cancer risk. Rather, the fact that all autoimmune illnesses promote chronic inflammation, which has been related to cancer, plays a substantial role in cancer risk. Celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus are some of the most prevalent autoimmune illnesses connected to cancer. The disorder develops from abnormal reactivity of the human adaptive or innate immune systems in both autoimmune and inflammatory illnesses. Inflammation can be reduced by activating anti-inflammatory genes and suppressing inflammatory genes in immune cells, which is a promising therapeutic strategy. Auto antibodies have the ability to continue their own production once they have been initiated, according to a growing body of research.