Journal of Probiotics & Health
Open Access

Brief Note on Intestinal Microflora Affecting Human Health

Poornima Prashanth^{* *}Correspondence: Poornima Prashanth, Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, Email:

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Description

Microflora, also known as microbiota or gut flora, refers to the collection of microorganisms that inhabit our digestive system. These microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microscopic organisms that coexist with human cells in the gut. Although they are small, they play a significant role in maintaining health [1].

The human digestive system is a complex environment that provides the ideal habitat for trillions of microorganisms. These microorganisms are involved in various physiological functions such as the breakdown of food, absorption of nutrients, and synthesis of vitamins. The gut microbiome is considered an organ in itself, and its health is essential to overall health [2-4].

The microflora is established early in life and is influenced by several factors such as feeding practices and exposure to antibiotics. The diversity and composition of microorganisms in the gut vary significantly from one individual to another and even within the same individual at different times in life [5]. However, some common bacterial species that are typically found in the human gut include Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Akkermansia, and Eubacterium, etc.

Recent studies have shown that impact of microflora on health has a profound effect on several aspects of human health. Below are some of the key ways that microflora affects human health.

Digestive health

Microflora plays a crucial role in the digestive process. The bacteria in the gut help break down complex carbohydrates and fiber, which are not digestible by the human body. They also produce enzymes that aid in the digestion of fats and proteins. Moreover, the gut microbiota is involved in the absorption of nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and amino acids.

Immune system

Microflora plays a significant role in the development and function of the immune system. The gut microbiota helps the immune system to recognize and respond to harmful pathogens. It also plays a role in preventing the overgrowth of harmful bacteria in the gut, which can lead to infections [6].

Mental health

Research has shown that there is a link between the gut microbiome and mental health. The gut microbiota produces neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, which are essential for the regulation of mood and behavior. The gut-brain axis, which is the bidirectional communication pathway between the gut and the brain, is mediated by the gut microbiota. Thus, any disruption in the gut microbiota can lead to psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Weight management

The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in weight management. Studies have shown that there is a significant difference in the gut microbiota of lean and obese individuals. The gut microbiota of obese individuals is characterized by a lower diversity of bacteria and an overgrowth of harmful bacteria. This overgrowth of harmful bacteria can lead to inflammation and insulin resistance, which are associated with obesity and metabolic disorders.

Inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the digestive tract. Dysbiosis, which is an imbalance in the gut microbiota, is associated with the development of IBD. Moreover, the gut microbiota can modulate the immune response in the gut, which can affect the severity of IBD [7].

Allergies and asthma

The gut microbiota plays a significant role in the development of allergies and asthma. Dysbiosis is associated with the development of allergies and asthma. Moreover, the gut microbiota can influence the immune response in the gut.

Conclusion

The impact of microflora on health is significant and complex, with research continuing to uncover the many ways in which gut microbiota influence our overall well-being. By taking steps to support a healthy microbiome, it can help prevent and manage a range of health conditions and improve overall quality of life. Imbalances in gut microbiota, also known as dysbiosis, can lead to a range of health issues, including gastrointestinal disorders, autoimmune diseases, mental health disorders, and more. Conversely, a healthy and diverse microbiome can help prevent and even treat certain health conditions.

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