Drug Designing: Open Access
Open Access

Brief Note on Side Effects of Specific Drugs

Christopher Santoiemma^{* *}Correspondence: Christopher Santoiemma, Department of Internal Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, Email:

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DIDs (drug-induced disease) are well-known but underexplored. Cefotetan, ceftriaxone, and penicillin have all been related to drug-induced immune hemolysis anaemia in a few trials. However, in our study, the most common ones for anaemia were ART, tirofiban, and methotrexate. Drug-induced diseases are those side effects of medications. The side effects may last long after the drug has been stopped used. Unfortunately, when the medicine is given to a larger population, it causes a number of side effects. Because of this, many medications had undergone labeled modifications, having black box warnings added to their labels, or have been withdrawn. Authorities became informed of these negative consequences either as a result of spontaneous reporting by physicians or as a result of various researches. Druginduced diseases can be predictable or unpredictable. The drug's predictable effects are an expansion of the drug's natural pharmacological effects. Blood thinners (anticoagulant and antiplatelet medicines) for example, which are meant to prevent blood clotting, can induce bleeding as a side effect. Low blood glucose levels can be caused by several anti-diabetes drugs, including insulin and sulfonylureas. Unpredictable consequences, on the other hand, have nothing to do with the drug's therapeutic function. Amiodarone, for example, a medicine used to treat heart disease and can harm the lungs. Drug-induced disease is categorized as mild, moderate, severe, or deadly if they result in death, depending on their severity. Druginduced disease can impact the body's different organ systems. Several medications have been prohibited due of their potential to cause serious infections. Astemizole, terfenadine, and cisapride can influence the electrical activity of the heart, causing the QT interval to lengthen and resulting to condition torsades de pointes to develop. When one of these medicines is used with a drug that prevents its breakdown, such as erythromycin or ketoconazole, the possibilities of this side effect increase dramatically. Rofecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor painkiller, was developed in the terms of preventing the negative side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs), such as stomach ulcers. It was associated to cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke, and the medicine had to be taken off from the market. Sulfonamides, chloroquine, and tetracycline can cause a photosensitivity reaction, which is a skin response that occurs when a patient is exposed to sunlight while taking these medications. As a result, patients taking these drugs are advised to stay out of the sun while receiving treatment. Hydralazine and procainamide develop SLE-like syndrome, a persistent immunological reaction that affects the musculoskeletal system, kidneys, and brain. Excessive drowsiness is a side effect of pregabalin, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines. To avoid tragedies, patients using such medicines should avoid driving or operating risky machinery while on the medication. Aspirin and nonselective beta blockers like propranolol might exacerbate asthma symptoms, making it difficult to breathe. Furthermore, any medicine has the potential to produce a severe allergic reaction that mimics an asthma attack. Drugs can influence many areas of the kidney, resulting in a variety of kidney problems. Drugs including penicillin, NSAIDs, gold, lithium, and hydralazine can cause glomerulonephritis, whereas aminoglycosides and amphotericin B can cause acute tubular necrosis, and penicillin, NSAIDs, and rifampicin will cause acute interstitial nephritis. Chronic renal failure can be caused by cyclosporine and tacrolimus. Damage to the kidneys may limit the excretion of various medicines through the urine, necessitating the avoidance or dosage adjustment of these drugs. Long-term glucocorticoid use can weaken bones, leading to osteoporosis and increased fracture risk. Thyroid issues can be caused by amiodarone and lithium. Drug-induced diseases are primarily diagnosed based on the patient's or family's drug consumption history. A drug-induced disease is a side effect of a medication that causes death or sickness with symptoms severe enough to cause a patient to seek medical help and/or require hospitalizations. Drug-induced disease can occur as a result of unplanned or anticipated drug side effects. Iatrogenic disease, often known as drug-induced disease (DID), is a persistent source of concern for patients, healthcare providers, and administrators. The number of adverse medication responses, including DID, is enormous. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties of medicines, as well as nonadherence to prescribed drug therapy and medication errors, are all variables that contribute to DID. Concurrent diseases (e.g., liver and renal impairments), genetic polymorphisms in drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters, nutritional factors (hypoalbuminaemia may result in much more free drug of highly protein bound drugs), and simultaneously administered drugs may all play a significant role in drug metabolism and target receptor activity. “An unexpected effect of a medicine that may cause mortality or morbidity with symptoms severe enough to require medical treatment and/or hospitalization "The following steps may help in the prevention of a drug-induced disease: before taking any drug, tell your doctor if you have any illnesses or taking any other medications, including nutritional supplements. Patient should only receive treatment as directed by their doctor. They should follow the dosage, treatment duration, and other directions given.