Emergency Medicine: Open Access
Open Access

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Fast Chest Compressions

Nazak Watson^{* *}Correspondence: Nazak Watson, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Email:

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Description

Restoring a patient's physiological functions, such as their heartbeat or breathing, during an acute illness is known as resuscitation. It is a crucial component of emergency medicine, trauma surgery, and critical care medicine. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation are two prominent examples. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) can help save a person's life when a person's breathing or heartbeat stopped as a consequence of an emergency, like a heart attack or a near-drowning.

The American Heart Association advises performing quick, rapid chest compressions to begin CPR. CPR is suitable for both unskilled bystanders and emergency crews. CPR allows for the continuation of oxygen-rich blood flow to the brain and other vital organs until emergency medical care can recover the heart to a normal rhythm. When the heart stops, the body no longer receives blood that is rich in oxygen. A lack of oxygen-rich blood could bring injury to the brain in just a few minutes.

Chest compressions and artificial ventilation are used in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) to sustain blood flow and oxygenation after cardiac arrest . Although patients with cardiac arrest have low survival rates and poor neurologic outcomes, prompt, appropriate resuscitation—including prompt defibrillation when necessary—and prompt post-cardiac arrest care can improve these results.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is a systematic procedure used to treat cardiac arrest that includes:

• Identifying the absence of circulation and breathing

• simple lifesaving techniques such as chest compressions and rescue breathing

• Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) with unambiguous rhythm and airway management

• Post resuscitative care

Despite the use of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR),infants and children experience fatality rates for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of about 90%. About 65% of babies and children who experience cardiac arrest while hospitalized will die. The mortality rate for respiratory arrest alone is 20–25%. The neurologic result is frequently seriously impaired.

For infants and children, there are distinct pediatric resuscitation protocols. Infant protocols are used for those under 1 year old and child protocols are used for those 1 year old and older up to a weight of 55 kg or the presence of puberty symptoms (defined as appearance of breasts in females and axillary hair in males). Minors beyond the age of puberty or children weighing more than 55 kg must follow adult resuscitation techniques. About 50 to 65 percent of children who need CPR are under 1 year old; the majority of these are under 6 months.

It is covered elsewhere how neonatal resuscitation is employed in the immediate postpartum period. Approximately 6% of newborns need resuscitation upon delivery; if the baby's birth weight is less than 1500 g, the incidence rises dramatically. Reporting the results of CPR in children should adhere to standardized norms; for instance, the modified Pittsburgh Outcome Categories Scale assesses cerebral and general functioning. Defibrillation and determination of the underlying heart rhythm are performed after CPR has begun.

Airway

Open the airway use the head-tilt, chin-lift procedure to open the person's airway after 30 chest compressions if you are skilled in CPR. Then, gently tilt the person's head back while placing your palm on their forehead. To open the airway, gently raise the chin forward with the other hand.

Breathing

Breathe for the person if the mouth is significantly wounded or unable to be opened, rescue breathing may be performed mouthto- mouth or mouth-to-nose. According to current standards, rescue breathing should be performed while wearing a bag-mask with a High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter.