Applied Microbiology: Open Access
Open Access

Characteristics of Protozoa Activities in Aquatic Ecosystems

Morris Uchida^{* *}Correspondence: Morris Uchida, Department of Pathology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, Email:

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About the Study

Protozoa are a category of single-celled eukaryotes that feed on organic compounds such as other microbes or organic tissues and wastes. Plant-derived active principles, such as natural ingredients, have been widely documented in the scientific community as targeted therapies for a variety of clinical disorders. Cannabis sativa, which has a long and strange history, has been used for a variety of reasons, ranging from recreational to pharmacotherapeutic and industrial substances, such as insecticides based on this plant. It is a plant with over 500 cannabinoid chemicals that have been researched in both in vivo and in vitro in various locales.

The reason for this research is to provide light on the role of cannabis chemicals in parasitic illnesses caused both helminths and protozoa. Also, the application of C. sativa components to the formulation of pesticides for control methods was briefly described in this work, since the latter issue is supported by the economic burden suffered by various places where vector-borne illnesses are a disturbing reality. Cannabis chemicals with pesticidal capability should be studied, particularly those that assess their efficiency against the various life phases of insects, with the goal of interrupting vector multiplication after egg laying. Management and development of plant species having ecologically suitable pharmacological and pesticide potential are becoming increasingly important.

When Brazil is regarded as megadiverse country, little is known about its abundant freshwater biodiversity. On the basis of research data extending back to the 1890s, this research provides a general overview of the most recent information on Protozoa, Rotifera, Cladocera, and Copepoda species and distributions in Brazilian hydrographic regions. The majority of the occurrence facts came from ecological research. The analysis demonstrates a high richness for all researched biological categories and an uneven distribution of occurrence records, which is significantly impacted by the location of the group meetings. The data also suggested that Brazilian phytoplankton biodiversity still must be properly investigated taxonomically, despite the fact that such studies were prevalent from the turn of the century until 1980.

Risk-based critical imply protozoa concentrations in source water were estimated using a reversed Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) approach to analyse E. coli potential for defining protozoa treatment requirements. The model assumptions were chosen to be congruent with World Health Organization (WHO) drinking-water quality guidelines. The sensitivities of average E. coli percentage trigger values in detecting these crucial levels in water sources were then assessed. There were no proportionalities between both the log of mean E. coli concentrations as well as the log of mean protozoa concentrations, according to the results. E. coli/protozoa ratios were generally 1.0 to 2.0 log lower in Drinking Water Treatment Plant (DWTP) fed by small rivers in rural and forestry regions than at DWTPs fed by big rivers in urban areas.

Conclusion

The seasonal patterns analysis revealed that all these discrepancies were caused by reduced mean E. coli percentages in minor rivers throughout the winter. To meet the WHO objective of 106 disability-adjusted life years, per person, per year, 20 DWTPs would need to reduce Cryptosporidium by 4.0 logs, and all plants would need to reduce Giardia by 4.0 logs. A median E. coli trigger value of 50 CFU 100 mL1 would be a sensitivity threshold for identifying crucial mean Cryptosporidium concentrations but just not for Giardia.

In DWTPs having mean E. coli levels as low as 30 CFU 100 mL for 1 Cryptosporidium and 3 CFU 100 mL for 1 Giardia, treatment needs more than 3.0-log would be required. As a result, an E. coli trigger threshold would be of little use in determining health-based treatment needs for protozoa at rural DWTPs fed by small rivers.