Medicinal & Aromatic Plants
Open Access
ISSN: 2167-0412
+44 1300 500008
ISSN: 2167-0412
+44 1300 500008
Editorial - (2012) Volume 1, Issue 8
Keywords: Cydonia oblonga miller; Rosaceae; Quince leaves; Essential oil
Quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller) is a species native to Southwest Europe and Minor Asia [1]. It belongs to the Rosaceae family. Quince fruit is too astringent to be consumed fresh. It is a seasonal fruit and is frequently processed at home into a jam or jelly during October and November in Turkey. C. oblonga is called as “Ayva” in Turkey and properly identifiable as Cydonia oblonga Miller (Cydonia vulgaris Pers.). In traditional medicine, its leaves are used as diuretic (for kidney stones), antidiarrhea, treatment of bronchitis and against cystitis [2,3]. Phenolic compounds [4], tetracyclic sesterterpenes [5], organic acids [6] and ionone glucosides [7] were isolated by previous phytochemical studies of quince leaves. Some reports have shown that C. oblonga leaves possess biological activities such as UVA protective effect [8], antioxidant and antiulcerative properties [9] and anticancer activity [10]. Previously, the volatile components of the quince fruit have ben reported [11-13]. Nevertheless, there is no published report on the phytochemical composition on the essential oils of the C. oblonga leaves. Therefore, we focused our study on the oil composition of the quince leaves in the fruiting and flowering periods by GC and GC-MS analysis.
Plant material
The quince leaves in the flowering and fruiting periods were collected from Izmir-Kemalpasa in November 2009 and April 2010 and identified by B. Kivçak from Ege University. The voucher specimens (No 1419, 1420) are deposited in the Herbarium of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir.
Essential oil distillation
The leaves were dried in the shade at room temperature and 100 g of each were subjected to seperate hydrodistillation for 3 h using a Clevenger-type apparatus to produce essential oils.
GC and GC/MS analysis of the essential oils
The GC-MS analysis was carried out with an Agilent 5975 GCMSD system. Innowax FSC column (60 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm film thickness) was used with helium as carrier gas (0.8 ml/min). GC oven temperature was kept at 60°C for 10 min and programmed to 220°C at a rate of 4°C/min, and kept constant at 220°C for 10 min and then programmed to 240°C at a rate of 1°C/min. Split ratio was adjusted at 40:1. The injector temperature was set at 250°C. Mass spectra were recorded at 70 eV. Mass range was from m/z 35 to 450.
Identification of components
Identification of the essential oil components were carried out by comparison of their relative retention times with those of authentic samples or by comparison of their relative retention index (RRI) to series of n-alkanes. Computer matching against commercial (Wiley GC/MS Library, Adams Library, MassFinder 3 Library) [14,15], and inhouse “Baser Library of Essential Oil Constituents” built up by genuine compounds and components of known oils, as well as MS literature data [16,17], was used for the identification.
The analysis results of the essential oils of C. oblonga leaves collected in the flowering and fruiting periods obtained by water-distillation are shown in table 1. GC/MS analysis of the oils was carried out. 47 components representing 95.7% oil of quince leaves of the flowering period and 40 compounds representing 64.5% oil of quince leaves of the fruiting period were characterized.
| RRI | Compound | A % | B % |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1093 | Hexanal | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| 1000 | Decane | tr | - |
| 1200 | Dodecane | 0.6 | - |
| 1203 | Limonene | tr | - |
| 1225 | (Z)-3-Hexenal | 1.3 | 3.0 |
| 1244 | Amyl furan (2-Pentyl furan) | 0.5 | - |
| 1290 | Terpinolene | tr | - |
| 1296 | Octanal | 2.9 | 0.7 |
| 1327 | (Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate | - | 1.4 |
| 1391 | (Z)-3-Hexenol | - | 3.8 |
| 1400 | Nonanal | 5.0 | - |
| 1400 | Tetradecane | - | 0.8 |
| 1500 | Pentadecane | 1.1 | - |
| 1506 | Decanal | 1.0 | - |
| 1541 | Benzaldehyde | 12.8 | 4.9 |
| 1548 | (E)-2-Nonenal | 0.8 | - |
| 1553 | Linalool | 5.7 | 1.3 |
| 1597 | (E,Z)-Nonadienal | tr | - |
| 1600 | Hexadecane | 2.5 | - |
| 1612 | b-Caryophyllene | - | 0.9 |
| 1617 | Undecanal | 1.9 | - |
| 1638 | b-Cyclocitral | 1.3 | - |
| 1681 | (Z)-3-Hexenyl tiglate | 0.9 | - |
| 1668 | (Z)-b-Farnesene | - | 4.8 |
| 1688 | Selina-4,11-diene (=4,11-Eudesmadiene) | - | 0.4 |
| 1700 | Heptadecane | 2.0 | - |
| 1706 | a-Terpineol | 2.2 | 2.3 |
| 1722 | Dodecanal | 1.8 | - |
| 1726 | Germacrene | - | 8.6 |
| 1742 | b-Selinene | - | 0.7 |
| 1758 | (E,E)-a-Farnesene | 4.6 | 0.7 |
| 1763 | Naphthalene | 1.5 | - |
| 1773 | d-Cadinene | - | 0.4 |
| 1776 | g-Cadinene | - | 0.1 |
| 1798 | Methyl salicylate | - | 0.1 |
| 1800 | Octadecane | 1.1 | - |
| 1830 | Tridecanal | 3.9 | 0.5 |
| 1838 | (E)-b-Damascenone | 1.9 | - |
| 1857 | Geraniol | 3.2 | - |
| 1868 | (E)-Geranyl acetone | 0.3 | - |
| 1873 | a-Ionone | 0.2 | 0.4 |
| 1933 | Tetradecanal | 1.0 | - |
| 1900 | Nonadecane | 0.2 | - |
| 1902 | Benzyl isovalerate | - | 0.2 |
| 1958 | (E)-b-Ionone | 5.1 | 0.5 |
| 1973 | Dodecanol | 0.2 | - |
| 2008 | Caryophyllene oxide | - | 1.9 |
| 2041 | Pentadecanal | 4.6 | 1.0 |
| 2050 | (E)-Nerolidol | 0.5 | 1.4 |
| 2084 | Octanoic acid | tr | - |
| 2095 | Hexyl benzoate | - | 0.4 |
| 2131 | Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone | 1.1 | - |
| 2148 | (Z)-3-Hexen-1-yl benzoate | 1.7 | 0.6 |
| 2170 | (E)-2-Hexen-1-yl benzoate | - | 0.6 |
| 2187 | T-Cadinol | - | 4.7 |
| 2192 | Nonanoic acid | 0.8 | - |
| 2255 | a-Cadinol | - | 1.5 |
| 2298 | Decanoic acid | 1.1 | - |
| 2300 | Tricosane | 0.3 | 2.3 |
| 2312 | 9-Geranyl-p-cymene | 1.5 | |
| 2384 | Farnesyl acetone | 0.1 | - |
| 2400 | Undecanoic acid | 0.1 | - |
| 2400 | Tetracosane | 0.1 | - |
| 2500 | Pentacosane | 1.0 | - |
| 2503 | Dodecanoic acid | 0.8 | - |
| 2324 | Caryophylla-2(12),6(13)-dien-5a-ol (=Caryophylladienol II) | - | 0.7 |
| 2400 | Tetracosane | - | 0.8 |
| 2500 | Pentacosane | - | 2.8 |
| 2551 | Geranyl linalool | 0.7 | - |
| 2617 | Tridecanoic acid | tr | - |
| 2622 | Phytol | 1.0 | 3.1 |
| 2655 | Benzyl benzoate | - | 0.7 |
| 2670 | Tetradecanoic acid | 2.2 | - |
| 2700 | Heptacosane | 3.6 | 1.9 |
| 2804 | Benzyl salicylate | 0.2 | - |
| 2900 | Nonacosane | 0.7 | 0.2 |
| 2931 | Hexadecanoic acid | 7.2 | 1.7 |
| Total | 95.7 | 64.5 |
Table 1: The volatile composition of Cydonia oblonga leaves.
According to our results, the common main constituents of the essential oil from leaves of C. oblonga in the flowering period were characterized by a high percentage of aromatic aldehyde [benzaldehyde (12.8%)], followed by fatty acid [hexadecanoic acid (7.2%)], oxygenated monoterpene [linalool (5.7%)], norisoprenoid [(E)-β-Ionone (5.1%)]. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbon [germacrene D (8.6%)] and aromatic aldehyde [benzaldehyde( 4.9%)] were found to be the main components in the essential oil from leaves of C. oblonga in the fruiting period. According to literature, only the essential oils of C. oblonga fruits have been studied, so far [11-13]. α-Farnesene was observed as the major constituents (31.36% and 74.48%) in previously studied on the essential oils from fruits of C. oblonga [11-13]. This constituent was detected in lower concentrations (4.6% and 0.7%) in leaves of C. oblonga of flowering and fruiting period in this study.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation on the oil composition of quince leaves.