Journal of Osteoporosis and Physical Activity
Open Access

Cortical Bone Key Role in Providing Strength and Support

Omar Hassan^{* *}Correspondence: Omar Hassan, Department of Special Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, Email:

Author info »

Description

Cortical bone, also known as compact bone, is a dense and strong type of bone that forms the outer layer of bones in the human body. It is essential for providing structural support, protecting vital organs, and enabling movement. While we may not think about it often, cortical bone plays a crucial role in our daily lives and is an amazing example of the complexity and resilience of the human body. Cortical bone is made up of tightly packed bone cells, called osteocytes, which are surrounded by a hard mineral matrix of calcium phosphate and collagen fibers.

This structure gives cortical bone its incredible strength and durability. In fact, cortical bone is the densest and strongest type of bone in the human body, able to withstand high amounts of stress and strain. One of the primary functions of cortical bone is to provide structural support for the body. It forms the outer layer of bones and is found in long bones, such as the femur and tibia, as well as in the skull and ribs. The strength of cortical bone allows it to withstand the weight of the body and provide support for movement, making it essential for activities like walking, running, and jumping. In addition to providing structural support, cortical bone also protects vital organs from injury. For example, the skull is made up of cortical bone, which provides a hard protective shell for the brain. The ribcage is also composed of cortical bone, which helps to protect the heart and lungs.

This protection is crucial for maintaining the health and wellbeing of the body. Cortical bone also plays an important role in the regulation of calcium levels in the body. Calcium is a vital mineral that is necessary for many bodily functions, including the contraction of muscles, the release of hormones, and the maintenance of strong bones. Cortical bone stores large amounts of calcium, which can be released into the bloodstream when the body needs it. This helps to maintain the balance of calcium in the body and ensure that it is available for essential bodily processes.

The strength and function of cortical bone can be impacted by a variety of factors, including age, nutrition, and exercise. As we age, our bones naturally become less dense and weaker, which can increase the risk of fractures and other bone injuries. Proper nutrition, including adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, is essential for maintaining the strength and health of cortical bone. Regular exercise, particularly weight-bearing exercises like running and strength training, can also help to maintain and even increase bone density.

Despite its incredible strength and function, cortical bone is not indestructible. High-impact injuries, such as those sustained in car accidents or falls, can cause fractures or other damage to cortical bone. Diseases like osteoporosis can also weaken cortical bone, increasing the risk of fractures and other bone injuries. Injuries or conditions like these can be incredibly painful and may require medical intervention to repair or manage. Cortical bone is a remarkable example of the complexity and resilience of the human body. Its strength and function are essential for providing structural support, protecting vital organs, and enabling movement. Understanding the importance of cortical bone and taking steps to maintain its health and strength through proper nutrition and exercise can help to ensure the long-term health and well-being of our bodies.