Immunological Disorders and Immunotherapy
Open Access
ISSN: 2593-8509
+44-77-2385-9429
ISSN: 2593-8509
+44-77-2385-9429
Opinion - (2023)Volume 8, Issue 2
Activation immunotherapies are a class of treatments that aim to stimulate the immune system to fight cancer or other diseases. Unlike traditional chemotherapy or radiation therapy, which directly target cancer cells, activation immunotherapies work by activating and enhancing the body's own immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. This approach offers the potential for more targeted and specific treatments with fewer side effects.
One type of activation immunotherapy is immune checkpoint inhibitors, which block the action of proteins that suppress the immune system, allowing T cells to attack cancer cells more effectively. Pembrolizumab is a well-known immune checkpoint inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of several types of cancer [1,2]. Another type is adoptive cell transfer therapy, which involves removing T cells from a patient's blood, genetically engineering them to express a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) that recognizes and targets cancer cells, and then infusing the modified T cells back into the patient's body.
Cancer vaccines are another type of activation immunotherapy that stimulates the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells by presenting them with specific antigens [3,4]. Cytokine therapy uses cytokines to stimulate the immune system, and oncolytic virus therapy uses viruses that are engineered to selectively infect and kill cancer cells while leaving healthy cells unharmed. Antibody-based immunotherapy involves using monoclonal antibodies to target specific proteins on the surface of cancer cells.
Despite their potential, activation immunotherapies face challenges in identifying the right targets for therapy and managing side effects such as autoimmune reactions and inflammation. Combination therapies that use multiple types of activation immunotherapies may hold promise for improving treatment outcomes and reducing side effects [5].
Research in activation immunotherapy is advancing rapidly, and new biomarkers and delivery technologies are being developed to improve treatment efficacy and reduce side effects. With ongoing research and technological advances, activation immunotherapies hold significant promise for improving the lives of patients with cancer and other diseases [6].
Activation immunotherapies have revolutionized the way cancer and other diseases are treated, and they continue to be an active area of research and development. Here are some recent developments and advances in activation immunotherapy:
Personalized immunotherapy
Recent advances in genomics and immunology have enabled the development of personalized immunotherapy that targets the unique molecular and genetic characteristics of a patient's cancer cells. This approach involves sequencing the genome of a patient's tumor and identifying specific mutations or antigens that are unique to the tumor. Based on this information, personalized vaccines or adoptive cell transfer therapies can be designed to target these specific antigens, leading to more targeted and effective treatment [7].
Combination therapies: Combination therapies that use multiple types of activation immunotherapies have shown promise in improving treatment outcomes and reducing side effects. For example, combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy or radiation therapy has been shown to improve response rates and overall survival in patients with certain types of cancer.
Improved delivery technologies: Delivery technologies for activation immunotherapies are being developed to improve treatment efficacy and reduce side effects. For example, nanoparticle-based delivery systems can target specific cells or tissues, leading to more targeted and effective treatment.
Biomarkers for predicting response: Biomarkers are being developed to predict which patients are likely to respond to activation immunotherapy. For example, the presence of certain immune cell types or high levels of certain cytokines in a patient's blood may indicate a higher likelihood of response to immunotherapy [8].
Immunotherapy for other diseases: Activation immunotherapies are being explored for the treatment of other diseases beyond cancer, including autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. For example, checkpoint inhibitors have shown promise in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Overall, the future of activation immunotherapy looks promising, with ongoing research and development aimed at improving treatment efficacy and reducing side effects.
Citation: Shah N (2023) Developments and Advances in Activation Immunotherapy. Immunol Disord Immunother. 8: 149
Received: 22-May-2023, Manuscript No. IDIT-23-24372; Editor assigned: 25-May-2023, Pre QC No. IDIT-23-24372 (PQ); Reviewed: 09-Jun-2023, QC No. IDIT-23-24372; Revised: 16-Jun-2023, Manuscript No. IDIT-23-24372 ( R); Published: 23-Jun-2023 , DOI: 10.35248/2593-8509.23.8.149
Copyright: © 2023 Shah N, This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.