Journal of Hematology & Thromboembolic Diseases
Open Access

Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Thrombosis

Massimo Miniati^{* *}Correspondence: Massimo Miniati, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy, Email:

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Description

Pulmonary thrombosis is a blockage of pulmonary arteries in your lungs. It is caused by blood clots. That travels from legs and rarely from veins in our body, leads reduce oxygen level due to inadequate supply of blood. The heart contains arteries, capillaries, and veins it forms blood circulation system Blood is pumped forcedly from the heart into the arteries and returns through the veins. Sometimes slower blood flow may lead to clot formation then complete pressure is put down on right side of heart and leads to damage our body parts like kidney, heart, liver .The pulmonary thrombosis having types they are acute pulmonary thrombosis, chronic pulmonary thrombosis. Acute pulmonary thrombosis is a new obstruction causing acute Cardiac strain parameter. Chronic pulmonary thrombosis cause when clot do not dissolved over time of pulmonary thrombosis treatment. Usually cots travel to the lungs from a deep vein in the legs.so it is called as Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT).

Symptoms

Symptoms are based on the condition like size of clot. The common symptoms like:

• Cough with mucus

• Improper heartbeat

• Excessive release of sweat

• Enlargement of leg or pain

• Feeling gasp and losing balance

• Strange pain in chest, neck, shoulders

• Slight exertion

In some cases there is chance of having no symptoms and leads to chronic.

Risk factors

Risk factors are classified into major and minor categories and it leads to being overweight, complications in pregnancy, due to hormonal imbalances, genetic conditions, varicose veins in legs, some medication such as oral contraceptives, injuries or orthopedic surgery, age factors, malignancy, vein injury, heart and respiratory failure.

Complications

• Sudden heart attack

• Cancers

• In pregnancy it leads premature baby born

• Inflammatory bowel disease, nephritic

• Myeloproliferative disease

Diagnosis

Examine inside parts of lungs like trachea, bronchi by using Bronchoscopy, microscopic examination of sputum for T.B, check the blood flow by pulmonary angiogram, Medicated patient of pulmonary embolism or thrombosis diagnosed by Ddimmer blood test it helps to know about level of substance that is produced in your blood stream when a blood clot breaks down, examination of lung by image, nuclear imaging test for lung, Magnetic Resonance Imaging test (MRI).

Treatment and medication

First they gave medication for keep the clot becoming any bigger, and then they try to prevent new clots.

• Surgery to remove clots in arteries.

• By using small incision place Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) filters helps to prevent clots.

• Drugs used in pulmonary thrombosis are coumarins, thrombin inhibitors.

• Heparins in liquid dosage form administered in intra venous and subcutaneous.

• Warfarin in solid dosage form is orally administered.

• Xarelto it mainly used for blood clots in lungs and legs administered by NG tube or gastric feeding tube.

• Rivaroxaban administered by NG tube or gastric feeding tube.

Blood thinners: Blood thinners are nothing but anticoagulants. Blood thinners do not dissolve the blood clot in some cases it will be the hope .the body will only eventually dissolve the clot on its own.

Thrombolytic: It is also called as clot dissolvers, route of administration is (IV), these are quickly dissolves the clots. It gives only under the physicians super vision patient who are hospitalized

Thrombolytic therapy: It contains Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA), used to dissolve clots. Mainly used to treat acute pulmonary thrombosis and helps to improve cardiorespiratory hemodynamics.

Prevention

Take extra cautious while travelling; drink more amounts of liquids (water, juices). Keep feet elevation when sleeping, Pneumatic compression, always try to become active, in case of overweight lose your weight, avoid to sit long period, keep away from smoking and drinking.