Journal of Depression and Anxiety
Open Access

Editorial on Mental Disorder Psychoneuroimmunology

Shekar VSS^{* *}Correspondence: Shekar VSS, Department of Immunology, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India, Email:

Author info »

Editorial

The immune system is an important part of the organism's defence system and helps to maintain homeostasis. Previous studies have suggested the existence of a dysregulated immune response and a pro-inflammatory state in patients with mental disorders, as well as an increased prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients suffering from autoimmune diseases or receiving immune therapy. Psychoneuroimmunology's function in mental disorders, with an emphasis on diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic difficulties. The advancement of this corpus of research could lead to significant advancements in the vulnerability, aetiopathogenic pathways, diagnosis, and treatment of some mental diseases in the future. A growing body of research shows that experience—the knowledge gained during a lifetime of sensing and acting—is of fundamental biological importance.

Experience has an impact on all adaptive systems, including the endocrine, immunological, and nervous systems, and is crucial not only for the development of healthy features, but also for the development of dysfunctional ones. Nonetheless, empirical methodologies frequently exclude experience. As a result, a wide range of intricate relationships that determine life histories are overlooked. Psychoneuroimmunology, the science that aims to explain how the exquisite and dynamic interplay of mind, body, and environment relates to behavioural characteristics, suffers from this kind of ignorance. The claim that experiential knowledge is required to enable meaningful and relevant explanations and predictions in the psychoneuroimmunological realm, and more specifically claims that experiential knowledge is required to enable meaningful and relevant explanations and predictions in the psychoneuroimmunological realm. Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) is a burdensome psychiatric illness that has a significant impact on patients' quality of life. About half of people who are afflicted with the disease respond to the current treatment. The disorder's neurological basis is still a mystery. As with other mental disorders, attempts have been undertaken to identify the underlying neuroimmunological process of the illness due to such gaps. As a result, as discussed in this communication, various inflammatory mechanisms have been linked in the aetiology of BPAD. Following that, the role of anti-inflammatory medicines such celecoxib in treating different stages of BPAD was studied.

Celecoxib has gained traction as a result of the positive results of multiple trials and reviews, and it is now suggested as an additional treatment for refractory BPAD cases by several guidelines. This brief letter emphasises some of the limitations of randomised studies utilising celecoxib as an add-on treatment for bipolar mania, which should be addressed in future research. Interventions based on psychoneuroimmunology are used to slow illness development and/or reduce the negative effects of pharmaceutical treatment. The many therapeutic and/or clinical psychoneuroimmunologybased therapies linked with psychological, neuroendocrine, and immunological factors are evaluated in this systematic review. 42 research involving human psychoneuroimmunology-based therapies were examined by independent investigators. Yoga, meditation, tai chi, acupuncture, mindfulness, religious/spiritual practises, cognitive behaviour therapy, coping, and physical activities were all linked to lower levels of cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine (stress hormones).

Furthermore, reductions in inflammatory processes and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were linked to those therapies in cancer, HIV, depression, anxiety, wound healing, sleep disorders, cardiovascular illnesses, and fibromyalgia. Only one study found substantial effects on illness progression despite the connections between PNI variables and clinical/therapeutic interventions. Inflammatory and immunological processes are implicated in the development of stroke and, more importantly, in the subsequent harm, according to a growing body of research. Several inflammatory mediators, including as particular cytokines, adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinases, and eicosanoids, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of stroke. Inhibiting interleukin-1 may be beneficial in the treatment of acute stroke, according to a preliminary clinical research.