International Journal of School and Cognitive Psychology
Open Access

Educational Problems and Risk Factors of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Zsofia Liu^{* *}Correspondence: Zsofia Liu, Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Devon, Ukraine, Email:

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About the Study

The difficulty in paying attention is a common perception of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, for a lot of children and their parents behaviour is a major significant issue. When children are asked to do something they don't want to do, they could be quick to lash out, have a temper tantrum or act disobedient. Though they are sometimes caused by ADHD symptoms, but tantrums and disobedience are not always indications of ADHD. Kids who lack attention or are impulsive may find it extremely challenging to endure monotonous, laborious, or tedious jobs. It's common for children with ADHD to experience extreme frustration, which can lead to impulsivity. But behavioural issues can sometimes extend beyond irrational outbursts.

According to David Anderson, a clinical psychologist, some children with ADHD exhibit negative behaviours as a result of years of interacting negatively with adults.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is a behaviour condition that is identified in children with ADHD who exhibit persistent defiance (ODD). ODD is also diagnosed in up to 40% of children with ADHD. However, a clinical psychologist named Anderson has shown that a significant portion of them up to 80% are in conflict with their parents or professors due to their behaviour.

Risk factors of ADHD

Three out of every four kids with ADHD have a family member who also has the disorder, infants who arrive even a month early may be at higher risk of developing ADHD and findings from a single meta-analysis showed that low birth weight and the development of ADHD may have a tenuous but important relationship, according to a reliable source.

Stress and other lifestyle factors during findings from a study conducted in 2012 confirm the link between maternal stress during pregnancy and the development of ADHD. According to the study's, consuming alcohol and tobacco products while pregnant may also raise the likelihood that the unborn kid would grow up with the disease.

In 2015, researchers found evidence that mild traumatic brain injury and ADHD may be related in student athletes. It wasn't apparent and there is no particular evidence to back up allegations that the following reasons can induce ADHD. Environmental or societal issues, such as poverty or a demanding home life, or specific parenting practices, including as watching too much TV. However, these are some related conditions may make ADHD symptoms worse.

Educational problems in ADHD children

According to longitudinal research, ADHD is persistently connected with academic underachievement and poor educational outcomes. Children with ADHD experience earlylife challenges in school. Pre-schoolers with ADHD or ADHD symptoms are more likely to be falling behind in fundamental academic preparation skills. Symptoms are frequently reported in children between the ages of 3 and 6 years. Numerous longterm studies monitored school-age ADHD children into their adolescence and early adulthood. When the results from the study are compared with controls, initial signs of hyperactivity, distractibility, impulsivity, and hostility tend to fade over time but continue to be present. Due to activity restrictions, participants are more likely to fail more classes, receive lower marks across the board on report cards, and perform worse on standardized academic achievement tests compared to normal controls. The length of time it takes to complete high school, the percentage of subjects who continue to attend college and the percentage of subjects who graduate from college are all important concerning issues which need to be addressed, according to school histories.

Young adults with ADHD typically fall into one of three main groups in longitudinal studies:

• About 25% eventually function similarly to normal controls.

• The majority show continued functional impairment, limitations in learning and gaining knowledge, and restricted.

• Less than 25% develop significant, severe problems, including psychiatric and antisocial distancing.

Conclusion

The effects of medicine may make it simpler to focus, do things slowly, and be more patient. Therapy can teach the kid on how to focus better, manage distractions, deal with emotions, interact with others more effectively and improve mindfulness to sharpen the focus. Parents can employ therapists to find methods to improve the skills and see the greatest version of the kid. Therapists may aid in improving the child ability to listen or arrange his thoughts. In addition, parents can show their love and support.