Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Devices
Open Access

Effect of Culture Environment on Cell Development

Jing Lin^{* *}Correspondence: Jing Lin, Department of Engineering Research Center of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China, Email:

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About the Study

Cell culture is the process of growing animal or plant cells in a sterile, well-contained environment. Cells can be taken directly from the organism and separated before cultivation, or they can come from a cell line or cell strain that has already been developed. Each culture must have an appropriate vessel with a substrate or medium that delivers the nutrients (such as amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals), growth factors, or essential hormones for culturing cells. Specific culture conditions depend upon the type of cell being used. In an artificial environment, gases (such as O₂, CO₂) and the physicochemical environment (such as pH, osmotic pressure, and temperature) also play a significant role in regulating appropriate cell growth. When investigating basic scientific and translational research problems, cell culture is an incredibly versatile tool. Cell lines are useful in scientific study because of their uniformity and the associated reliability of the data that they produce. The liquid in which the cells are suspended, the container in which they are grown, and the gas surrounding them make up the cell culture environment.

Cell culture media

Media supplements help to optimize cell growth for specific applications depending on the chosen tissue or cell type. The advantages of using media supplements such as growth factors or cytokines are because they improve cell viability and growth and keep cells healthier for longer span of time. Growth factors are proteins that the body naturally produces and that encourage cellular division.

pH levels

For the most part, cell culture media include amino acids, salts, nutrients, different substances, and an organic support substance (NaHCO₃). To permit cell societies to develop, the pH level ought to be adjusted and stable. The average pH for living organisms' cells is pH 7.4. The pH value of NaHCO₃ cushioned media relies emphatically upon the CO₂ content of the hatchery air.

Temperature

Dependent fundamentally upon the internal heat level of the host, mammalian cell development is generally effective at 37°C. Cell development is also hindered by low temperatures, while a dramatic increase in the G1 stage, commonly known as the development stage, has been seen at 31°C. A slack in the G1 stage rushes cell development while postponing possible DNA union and cell division.

CO₂ levels

The development medium controls the pH of the environment and supports the cells in culture against changes in the pH. Usually, this buffering is achieved by including an organic or CO₂-bicarbonate based buffer. Because the pH of the medium is reliant upon the fragile equilibrium of broken up carbon dioxide (CO₂) and bicarbonate (HCO₃-), changes in the air CO₂ can modify the pH of the medium. Thus, it is critical to use exogenous CO₂ while using media cushioned with a CO₂- bicarbonate based cradle, particularly if the cells are refined in open dishes or different cell lines are refined at high concentrations. While most researchers usually use 5%–7% CO₂ in the air, 4%–10% CO₂ is common for most cell culture experiments. However, each medium has a recommended CO₂ tension and bicarbonate concentration to achieve the correct pH and osmolality; refer to the media manufacturer’s instructions for more information.

Cell culture is an technique that allows for easy control and manipulation of all physiochemical and physiological cell factors, such as, temperature, osmotic pressure, pH, gas, hormones, and nutrients. Cultural environment refers to a group of people's behavior or beliefs as influenced by their different culture. For any business to succeed, understanding the cultural environment is crucial because it enables manufacturers to create the right product for the right people at the right time, location, and price.