Autism-Open Access
Open Access

Effects of Autism Spectrum Disorder on People

Ajit Kumar^{* *}Correspondence: Ajit Kumar, Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India, Email:

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Description

The autism spectrum is a broad wide scope that refers to a group of neuro developmental disorders which is known as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The term spectrum is defined in the diagnostic and mental disorders to cover a broader range of conditions and differences in the type and perceived severity of symptoms. An alternative term, autism spectrum conditions, has been used by some to avoid the stigma associated with the term disorder. In the term autism spectrum disorder, the Asperger syndrome is also included.

ASD is defined by an individual's ability to initiate and sustain two-way social communication, as well as restricted or repetitive behavior unusual for the individual's age or situation. Although the symptoms are often connected with early infancy, they can also develop later in life, and are typically related with increasing social interaction. Developmental monitoring is an active, ongoing practice of watching a child grow and fostering dialogues about a child's skills and capacities between parents and professionals. Playing, learning, speaking, behaving, and moving are all skills that most children acquire by a given age, and developmental monitoring entails evaluating how child grows and whether child fulfills the expected developmental milestones, or skills that most children reach by a certain age.

Deficits can produce difficulties in personal, family, social, educational, and occupational contexts, with considerable variance depending on the environment; persons diagnosed with ASD range from the independent and highly challenged and needy, requiring intervention and long-term assistance. The Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP) is a subtype of ASD in which people have some of the symptoms but not enough to warrant an ASD diagnosis. Symptoms can be identified before the age of two, skilled practitioners can provide a valid diagnosis. Specific or recurrent actions, increased sensitivity to materials, being upset by changes in routine, appearing to show diminished interest in others, avoiding eye contact, and restrictions in social situations and verbal communication are just a few of the warning indicators. When social connection becomes more important, certain people who may have been missed face social and other forms of exclusion, and they are more likely to have concomitant mental and physical illnesses. Long-term issues can include trouble managing schedules, hypersensitivities (e.g. to meals, noises, and fabric textures), forming and maintaining relationships, and keeping a job. The aetiology of autism spectrum disorders is unknown. Although genetic and neuroscientific investigations have identified risk characteristics, there is currently little that can be done to help. The problem is more likely to be heritable than environmental influences, according to research on twins. A genetic relationship has also been discovered in studies comparing data from different countries. A family history of ASD, having an older parent, some genetic diseases, certain prescribed medicines given during pregnancy, and overall perinatal and neonatal health deficits are all risk factors. Observation of behavior and development is used to get a diagnosis. Many people, particularly girls and people with strong linguistic skills, may have been misdiagnosed with different illnesses.