Medicinal & Aromatic Plants

Medicinal & Aromatic Plants
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Research Article - (2021)Volume 10, Issue 9

Ethno-Medicinal Plant Species Used For Animal and Insect Bite (Sting) of Vijayapur (Bijapur) District of Karnataka, India

Arati Laddimath*
 
*Correspondence: Arati Laddimath, Department of Botany, Karnataka State Akkamhadevi Women’s University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India, Tel: 919740588311, Email:

Author info »

Abstract

An ethno-medicinal plant species survey of Vijayapur District of Karnataka comprising thirteen Talukas was conducted during March 2018 to July 2021. The purpose of this survey was to document the Ethno- medicinal plant species used for animal and insect bite. The present study was initiated with an aim to identify Ethno-medicinal plant species resources from traditional practitioners of Vijayapur District. There are about 21 plant species of angiosperms belonging to 20 genera and 15 families were found to be used as animal and insect bite.

Keywords

Ethno-medicinal plant species; Animal and insect bite; Vijayapur; Karnataka

Introduction

Animal and insect bite is common in villages. Dog, rat, frog, cat, spider, centipede and honey bee bites explained in this paper. Bites can be identified by two puncture marks where they inject their venom into the skin. The area around the bite may become red and swollen. Pain, redness, and swelling begin immediately upon being bitten. These symptoms may last anywhere from several hours to several days Other symptoms may also occur and could indicate a severe allergic reaction, including extreme swelling at the site of the bite, chills, itching, extreme swelling at the site of the bite. People of rural area are unable to reach city hospital as early as possible. Traditional herbal medicines are and easily available. Ethnomedicine deal with traditional health care which encompasses the knowledge, skill and methods practices concerning healthcare. The present study was initiated with an aim to identify Ethno- medicinal plants resources from traditional practitioners of Vijayapur District to treat animal and insect bite.

Materials and Methods

Ethnobotanical data collection

Ethno- medicinal plants survey conducted on March 2018 to July 2021 in Vijayapur District. For this, frequent field trips were made to 45 villages belonging to all 13 tehsils of the district. Thirty-two traditional practitioners (43 men and 2 women) data and information recorded in the standard questionnaire Prior Informed Consent (PIC).

Voucher specimen collection and identification

Collected data and information include, Vernacular name of traditionally used medicinal plants, part used, method of preparation and dosage. Medicinal plant species were photographed in the field. Plant specimens were identified consulting with experts, by referring Flora of Gulbarga District [1], three volumes of the Flora of Presidency of Madras [2]. The voucher specimens were stored at the herbarium centre, Department of post graduate studies and Research in Botany, Karnataka State Akkamahadevi Womens University,Vijayapur (Figure 1).

medicinal-aromatic-plants-map

Figure 1: Map of the study area.

Data analysis

The collected data were organized and Relative Frequencies Citation (RFC=FC/N) N is the total informant; FC is the Number of informants suggested same plant species for same medication.

Study area

Vijyapur District is plain Deccan plateau, which is from 365-610 met height above sea level. This region is slope towards west to east. The river Doni, Krishna, Bheema, and their tributaries are flows according to the slope. The total area of Vijayapur district is 10541 sq km. There are thirteen talukas of Vijayapur District i.e., Vijayapur, Muddebihaal, Sindagi, Basavanbagevaadi, Indi, Talikote, Devara Hipparagi, Chadachan, Tikota, Babaleshwar, Kolhar, Nidagundi, Almel. Bordered by the Bheema River in the north and the River Krishna in the south, the district consists of the dry and arid tract of the Deccan Plateau. The temperature varies between 42°C during summer and 15°C during winter season respectively. In May mean maximum temperature is 40°C. The climate of this region is arid, tropical and steppe type. The soil of Vijayapur District area is rich in content of basalt rock, magnetite, magnesium, aluminium and iron oxide. The Vijayapur District receives normal rainfall 578.0 mm and the vegetation of this region is mainly dry and deciduous and may broadly as vegetation on plains. The natural vegetation near Alamatti Dam area is like dry and hot having rich flora. Many local traditional practitioners collect the plants from this area to cure the diseases.

Results and Discussion

In the present account, 21 species of angiosperms belonging to 20 genera and 15 families were reported for animal and insect bite. The predominant family is Fabaceae with 5 species, followed by Solanaceae with 3 species, Amaranthaceae, Rutaceae, Lilliaceae, Acatnthaceae, Asclepidaceae, Apiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Menispermaceae, Aristalochiaceae, Asteraceae, Convolvulaceae, Lamiaceae, Boraginaceae with one species each (Figure 2). Data obtained from the survey is compiled in Table 1. All plant species scientific name, family, local name, Habit, Part used and mode of administration are provided (Figure 3). Different plant parts were used piles treatment. Among these leaves were used (30.43%), followed by root (21.73%), stem (17.39%), seeds (17.39%), fruit (8.69%) and flower bud (4.34%) decreasing order. Among the reported plant species for animal and snakebite treatment (Figure 4) Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) has calculated, the most frequently cited species is Solanum xanthocarpum (15.55), Teprosia purpurea Alium sativum (6.66). Acacia arebica, Albizia lebbeck, Calotropis procera, Datura stremonium, Ipomea remiformis, Luffa achinata, Ocimum sanctum, Pimpinella heyneana, Pongamia pinnata, Sesamum indicum, Solanum nigrum, Trichodesma zeylanicum (4.44). Achyranthus aspera, Aristolochia indica, Cocculus hirsutus, Dichoma tomentosa, Indigofera tictoria, Limonia acidissima (2.22). In Karnataka, Ethno medicine practice for snake and scorpion bite studies conducted in Chitradurga [3] and Tumkur [4] districts. In India ethno medicinal plants to treat snake bite and scorpion bite practice documented in Rahatgoan Hard [5], Paliyar’s Tribes of Sathpur Hills [6], Eastern Ghats of Kolli Hills, Tamilnadu [7], Hingoli District of Maharastra [8] and [9]. However Ethno-medicine practices for animal and insect bite in Vijayapur (Bijapur) [10] district has been reported still. Most of the people dependent on traditional herbal medicine because availability of effective drug plants. Hence, these plants can be taken up for further pharmacological and clinical studies.

medicinal-aromatic-plants-plant-families

Figure 2: Major plant families of Ethno medicinal importance.

Scientific Name Family Local/ Vern Name RFC Habit Part Used Animal/Insect Mode of Administration
Acacia arebica Fabaceae Jaali 4.44 Tree Leaves Dog Leaves juice one spoonful cow ghee taken orally
Achyranthus aspera Amaranthaceae Utharani 2.22 Herb Root Rat Seeds+Honey taken orally for seven days
Seed Dog Seeds+Honey taken orally. Aloe Vera and black salt mixed equal quantity apply on bite for three days
Alium sativum Lilliaceae Bellulli 6.66 Herb Stem Scorpion Garlic juice apply on bite
Stem Dog Clean the bite side with water. Apply garlic juice on bite and suggest to drink decoction of garlic
Albizia lebbeck Fabaceae Shirasal gida 4.44 Tree Seed Frog Seeds ground with Euphorbia tirucalli, apply on bite
Aristolochia indica Aristalochiacee Ishwari 2.22 Shrub Root and Leaves Spider
  1. Root rubbed  and taken orally
  2. Leaves ground taken orally
Calotropis procera Asclepidaceae Ekke 4.44 Shrub Stem Dog Stem latex+jaggary+seesam oil apply on bite
Cocculus hirsutus Menispermaceae Dagadi balli 2.22 Herb Root Rat Root+Jaggery ground and taken orally
Datura stremonium Solanaceae Madagunaki 4.44 Herb Leaves Rat Juice of the leaves applied on bite keep charcoal on it
Dichoma tomentosa Asteraceae Navanandi 2.22 Herb Root Cat and rat Rubbed the root apply on bite and ground the root taken orally
Indigofera tictoria Fabaceae Neeli gida 2.22 Under shrub Leaves Dog Ground the leaves taken orally
Ipomea remiformis Convolvulaceae Ilikivi 4.44 Herb Leaves Rat Leaves ground apply on bite. Aswal as taken two spoonful orally
Limonia acidissima Rutaceae Balaval kaayi 2.22 Tree Seed Rat Seed oil is applied on bite
Luffa achinata Cucurbitaceae Bandal
Devadal
4.44 Climber Fruit Rat Fruit powder mixed in curd advice to drink. 
Ocimum sanctum Lamiaceae Thulasi 4.44 Herb Leaves Rat Leaves ground and apply on bite
Pimpinella heyneana Apiaceae Ajavan 4.44 Herb Seed Honey bee Seeds ground with cow  ghee apply on bite
Pongamia pinnata Fabaceae Honge gida 4.44 Tree Stem Rat Rub the stem bark and seeds apply on bite
Sesamum indicum Acanthaceae Ellu 4.44 Herb Flower bud Spider Flower bud and curcum rubbed and apply
Solanum nigrum Solanaceae Kaaki gida 4.44 Herb Root Dog Rub the root apply on bite
Solanum xanthocarpum Solanaceae Nelagullu 15.55 Herb Fruit Dog Ground the fresh fruit apply on bite, tie wet cottan cloth
Trichodesma zeylanicum Boraginaceae Ethina nalige 4.44 Herb Leaves Dog Leaves burnt, ash stored in glass bottle. Apply with coconut oil on bite
Teprosia  purpurea Fabaceae Koggi 6.66 Herb Seed Rat Ground the seeds mix in glass of butter milk taken orally

Table 1: Ethno-medicinal plant species used for animal and insect bite of Vijayapur (Bijapur) district.

medicinal-aromatic-plants-animal

Figure 3: Habit wise plant species to treat animal and insect bite.

medicinal-aromatic-plants-snakebite

Figure 4: Plant species for animal and snakebite treatment.

Conclusion

Ethno- medicinal plants survey conducted on March 2018 to July 2021 in Vijayapur District. The main purpose of this survey was to document the traditional use of medicinal plants for animal and insect bite treatment in vijayapur District. 21 species of angiosperms belonging to 20 genera and 15 families were found to be used. The scientific name, family, local name, habit along with part used and mode of their administration are provided. This traditional knowledge can transfer from one generation to generation. The study also suggested that the present information on medicinal plant species used for animal and insect bite treatment by the traditional practitioners of Vijayapur District may be used for phytochemical and pharmacological research in future for the development of new sources of drugs.

Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to traditional practitioners of Vijayapur District, who cordially co-operated in sharing their knowledge and in helping collection of plant material pertaining to the research.

References

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  2. Gamble JS, Fischer CEC. Flora of the Presidency of Madras. London (UK). 1984-1925.
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Author Info

Arati Laddimath*
 
Department of Botany, Karnataka State Akkamhadevi Women’s University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India
 

Citation: Laddimath A (2021) Ethno-Medicinal Plant Species Used for Animal and Insect Bite (Sting) of Vijayapur (Bijapur) District of Karnataka, India. Med Aromat Plants (Los Angeles) 10: 408.

Received: 07-Sep-2021 Accepted: 23-Sep-2021 Published: 30-Sep-2021 , DOI: 10.35248/2167-0412.21.10.408

Copyright: © 2021 Laddimath A. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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