Medicinal & Aromatic Plants
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Ethno-Medicinal Plant Species Used For Animal and Insect Bite (Sting) of Vijayapur (Bijapur) District of Karnataka, India

Arati Laddimath^{* *}Correspondence: Arati Laddimath, Department of Botany, Karnataka State Akkamhadevi Women’s University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India, Tel: 919740588311, Email:

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Introduction

Animal and insect bite is common in villages. Dog, rat, frog, cat, spider, centipede and honey bee bites explained in this paper. Bites can be identified by two puncture marks where they inject their venom into the skin. The area around the bite may become red and swollen. Pain, redness, and swelling begin immediately upon being bitten. These symptoms may last anywhere from several hours to several days Other symptoms may also occur and could indicate a severe allergic reaction, including extreme swelling at the site of the bite, chills, itching, extreme swelling at the site of the bite. People of rural area are unable to reach city hospital as early as possible. Traditional herbal medicines are and easily available. Ethnomedicine deal with traditional health care which encompasses the knowledge, skill and methods practices concerning healthcare. The present study was initiated with an aim to identify Ethno- medicinal plants resources from traditional practitioners of Vijayapur District to treat animal and insect bite.

Materials and Methods

Ethnobotanical data collection

Ethno- medicinal plants survey conducted on March 2018 to July 2021 in Vijayapur District. For this, frequent field trips were made to 45 villages belonging to all 13 tehsils of the district. Thirty-two traditional practitioners (43 men and 2 women) data and information recorded in the standard questionnaire Prior Informed Consent (PIC).

Voucher specimen collection and identification

Collected data and information include, Vernacular name of traditionally used medicinal plants, part used, method of preparation and dosage. Medicinal plant species were photographed in the field. Plant specimens were identified consulting with experts, by referring Flora of Gulbarga District [1], three volumes of the Flora of Presidency of Madras [2]. The voucher specimens were stored at the herbarium centre, Department of post graduate studies and Research in Botany, Karnataka State Akkamahadevi Womens University,Vijayapur (Figure 1).

Figure 1: Map of the study area.

Data analysis

The collected data were organized and Relative Frequencies Citation (RFC=FC/N) N is the total informant; FC is the Number of informants suggested same plant species for same medication.

Study area

Vijyapur District is plain Deccan plateau, which is from 365-610 met height above sea level. This region is slope towards west to east. The river Doni, Krishna, Bheema, and their tributaries are flows according to the slope. The total area of Vijayapur district is 10541 sq km. There are thirteen talukas of Vijayapur District i.e., Vijayapur, Muddebihaal, Sindagi, Basavanbagevaadi, Indi, Talikote, Devara Hipparagi, Chadachan, Tikota, Babaleshwar, Kolhar, Nidagundi, Almel. Bordered by the Bheema River in the north and the River Krishna in the south, the district consists of the dry and arid tract of the Deccan Plateau. The temperature varies between 42^°C during summer and 15^°C during winter season respectively. In May mean maximum temperature is 40^°C. The climate of this region is arid, tropical and steppe type. The soil of Vijayapur District area is rich in content of basalt rock, magnetite, magnesium, aluminium and iron oxide. The Vijayapur District receives normal rainfall 578.0 mm and the vegetation of this region is mainly dry and deciduous and may broadly as vegetation on plains. The natural vegetation near Alamatti Dam area is like dry and hot having rich flora. Many local traditional practitioners collect the plants from this area to cure the diseases.

Results and Discussion

In the present account, 21 species of angiosperms belonging to 20 genera and 15 families were reported for animal and insect bite. The predominant family is Fabaceae with 5 species, followed by Solanaceae with 3 species, Amaranthaceae, Rutaceae, Lilliaceae, Acatnthaceae, Asclepidaceae, Apiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Menispermaceae, Aristalochiaceae, Asteraceae, Convolvulaceae, Lamiaceae, Boraginaceae with one species each (Figure 2). Data obtained from the survey is compiled in Table 1. All plant species scientific name, family, local name, Habit, Part used and mode of administration are provided (Figure 3). Different plant parts were used piles treatment. Among these leaves were used (30.43%), followed by root (21.73%), stem (17.39%), seeds (17.39%), fruit (8.69%) and flower bud (4.34%) decreasing order. Among the reported plant species for animal and snakebite treatment (Figure 4) Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) has calculated, the most frequently cited species is Solanum xanthocarpum (15.55), Teprosia purpurea Alium sativum (6.66). Acacia arebica, Albizia lebbeck, Calotropis procera, Datura stremonium, Ipomea remiformis, Luffa achinata, Ocimum sanctum, Pimpinella heyneana, Pongamia pinnata, Sesamum indicum, Solanum nigrum, Trichodesma zeylanicum (4.44). Achyranthus aspera, Aristolochia indica, Cocculus hirsutus, Dichoma tomentosa, Indigofera tictoria, Limonia acidissima (2.22). In Karnataka, Ethno medicine practice for snake and scorpion bite studies conducted in Chitradurga [3] and Tumkur [4] districts. In India ethno medicinal plants to treat snake bite and scorpion bite practice documented in Rahatgoan Hard [5], Paliyar’s Tribes of Sathpur Hills [6], Eastern Ghats of Kolli Hills, Tamilnadu [7], Hingoli District of Maharastra [8] and [9]. However Ethno-medicine practices for animal and insect bite in Vijayapur (Bijapur) [10] district has been reported still. Most of the people dependent on traditional herbal medicine because availability of effective drug plants. Hence, these plants can be taken up for further pharmacological and clinical studies.

Figure 2: Major plant families of Ethno medicinal importance.

Table 1: Ethno-medicinal plant species used for animal and insect bite of Vijayapur (Bijapur) district.

Figure 3: Habit wise plant species to treat animal and insect bite.

Figure 4: Plant species for animal and snakebite treatment.

Conclusion

Ethno- medicinal plants survey conducted on March 2018 to July 2021 in Vijayapur District. The main purpose of this survey was to document the traditional use of medicinal plants for animal and insect bite treatment in vijayapur District. 21 species of angiosperms belonging to 20 genera and 15 families were found to be used. The scientific name, family, local name, habit along with part used and mode of their administration are provided. This traditional knowledge can transfer from one generation to generation. The study also suggested that the present information on medicinal plant species used for animal and insect bite treatment by the traditional practitioners of Vijayapur District may be used for phytochemical and pharmacological research in future for the development of new sources of drugs.

Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to traditional practitioners of Vijayapur District, who cordially co-operated in sharing their knowledge and in helping collection of plant material pertaining to the research.

References

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