Journal of Perioperative Medicine
Open Access

Etiology of Anesthesia

Carlo Rostagno^{* *}Correspondence: Carlo Rostagno, Department of Medical and Surgical Critical Area, University of Florence, Italy, Email:

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Editorial

In the process of surgery, anesthesia plays the crucial role and it is been officially listed under the perioperative medicine. Anesthesia generally helps to reduce or minimize the pain. It controls the sensation of the pain or gives temporary relief to the pain. By this, the patient will feel the muscle relaxation, loss of pain and even unconsciousness. There is need of the specialist in order to give this perioperative medicine i.e., anesthesia. Though anesthesia is a sort of painless performance of the medication, if there is no anesthesia, the patient may suffer or experience the pain which is intolerable. There are three main categories in the anesthesia, they are;

1. General anesthesia

2. Sedation

3. Regional or local anesthesia

General anesthesia: This type of anesthesia in general it suppresses the Central Nervous System (CNS) results in the unconsciousness.

Sedation: It suppresses like general anesthesia and even result in unconsciousness, memory etc.

Regional or local anesthesia: This blocks the nerve impulse from the specific part of the body.

Based on the type of the surgery and patient condition, the type of giving anesthesia varies. The situations such as the patient to be fully unconscious or semi-unconsciousness. These anesthetic drugs can be targeted to the peripheral nervous system in order to anesthetize only the isolated body part. In an alternative way, the epidural and spinal anesthesia is also performed for creating or for suppressing the pain by blocking the nerves. There is need of the medical procedure with guidelines to give this perioperative medicine where one drug is all alone sufficient in rare cases and not mostly combination of the two or more drugs is necessary.

Types of Drugs used as Anesthesia

1. General anesthetics

2. Local anesthetics

3. Hypnotics

4. Dissociative

5. Sedatives

6. Adjuncts

7. Neuromuscular-blocking drugs

8. Narcotics

9. Analgesics

Risks during or after the Anesheisa

Though there are many uses as well as the beneficiary outputs, even there are drawbacks by taking or giving the anesthesia. These anesthesia may not show the same effect to all the patients. The main three factors that result are;

• The physical condition of the patient

• The complexity of the procedure

• The anesthetic technique that is been applied

In the above mentioned factors, the physical condition is the crucial part as the health implies to it. As the anesthetic drugs directly affect the CNS or other specific nerves and muscles, the major perioperative procedures may lead to death. Also there are certain life threatening risks such as heart failure etc.

After anesthesia, the patient may experience the difficulty in the airway, nausea etc.

Conclusion

According to the American Society of Anesthesiologists, the role of the anesthesiologist as well as the anesthesia at times of surgery helps and saves the patients from the suffering. Also it provides the continual assessment of the patient since the day he or she is admitted to the time he discharges after the surgery. Therefore, from most recent studies, the problems associated with anesthesia are of 15-20% and these can be given or taken during surgeries in order to relieve pain.