Angiology: Open Access
Open Access

Evaluating the Benefits and Risks of Long-Term Aspirin Therapy for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events

Vilella Sofie^{* *}Correspondence: Vilella Sofie, Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Email:

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Description

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) continue to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As medical science progresses, various preventive strategies have emerged to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. One such approach is long-term aspirin therapy, which has been extensively studied for its potential benefits in primary prevention. However, like any medical intervention, aspirin therapy comes with both advantages and risks. The benefits and risks associated with longterm aspirin therapy for primary prevention of cardiovascular events are mentioned.

Benefits of long-term aspirin therapy

Reduction in cardiovascular events: The primary benefit of long-term aspirin therapy is the potential reduction in cardiovascular events. Aspirin acts as an antiplatelet agent, inhibiting the aggregation of blood platelets and reducing the formation of blood clots. This antiplatelet effect is particularly beneficial in individuals at higher risk of developing CVD, such as those with diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia.

Stroke prevention: Long-term aspirin therapy has shown promising results in reducing the risk of stroke, particularly in individuals with an elevated risk of ischemic stroke. Aspirin's ability to inhibit platelet activation and aggregation helps prevent the formation of clots that could occlude blood vessels in the brain, thereby lowering the likelihood of stroke occurrence.

Lower risk of myocardial infarction: Studies have suggested that long-term aspirin therapy may contribute to a decreased risk of myocardial infarction (heart attack). By inhibiting platelet aggregation, aspirin helps to prevent the formation of clots in coronary arteries, thereby reducing the chance of an arterial blockage that could lead to a heart attack.

Risks of long-term aspirin therapy

Gastrointestinal bleeding: The most significant risk associated with long-term aspirin therapy is gastrointestinal bleeding. Aspirin can irritate the stomach lining, potentially leading to the formation of gastric ulcers or bleeding. The risk of gastrointestinal bleeding is higher in older individuals, those with a history of ulcers or gastrointestinal bleeding, and those taking certain medications such as Nonsteroidal Anti- Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs).

Increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage: While aspirin reduces the risk of ischemic stroke, it may slightly increase the risk of intracranial hemorrhage (bleeding within the brain). This risk is relatively low in the general population but becomes more relevant in individuals with specific conditions such as uncontrolled hypertension or a history of bleeding disorders.

Allergic reactions: Although rare, some individuals may develop allergic reactions to aspirin. Symptoms may range from mild skin rashes to severe respiratory distress (aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease), which can be life-threatening in some cases. It is important for individuals to be aware of any allergic tendencies and consult with a healthcare professional if any symptoms occur.

Conclusion

Long-term aspirin therapy can provide significant benefits in the primary prevention of cardiovascular events, including stroke and myocardial infarction. However, it is essential to weigh these benefits against the potential risks associated with the therapy. Gastrointestinal bleeding and the increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage are the primary concerns when considering aspirin therapy. Individualized assessments, considering an individual's age, medical history, and overall risk profile, are necessary to make informed decisions regarding long-term aspirin therapy. Ultimately, consulting with a healthcare professional is crucial to determine the most suitable approach for primary prevention of cardiovascular events.