Journal of Information Technology & Software Engineering
Open Access

Expanding Effective Data Management with Fog Computing in the World of IoT and Big Data

Elodie Sienna^{* *}Correspondence: Elodie Sienna, Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, Email:

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Description

A centralized computer infrastructure called fog computing, or fogging, was created to place application services, data processing, and storage closer to end users. Fog computing is an important technology in today's world of big data, the Internet of Things (IoT), and next-generation networks because it extends the capabilities of the cloud to the edge of the network, lowering latency, optimizing bandwidth utilization, and enabling real-time processing. Cisco first proposed this idea in 2012 in response to the increasing needs of advanced with Internet of Things applications, which need for localized processing and quicker decision-making. In contrast to the cloud, which is more centralized and remote, the term fog indicates to a layer that is closer to the ground (people and devices). By placing fog nodes closer to IoT devices, quick data processing and responses are made possible. Comparing such proximity to more conventional cloud computing methods, latency is greatly decreased. Fog computing when compared to centralized cloud systems it divides resources among several network edge nodes. In managing localized tasks, this guarantees increased robustness, scalability, and efficiency. Fog computing reduces the time needed for data transmission and computation by processing data close to the source, which makes it perfect for applications that need real-time responses, like industrial automation and driverless cars.

Fog computing provides interoperability across a range of platforms and technologies by easily connecting multiple devices, sensors, and systems. Fog computing optimizes bandwidth and lowers transmission costs by filtering and processing data locally, hence reducing the amount of data sent to the cloud. The layered architecture of fog computing connects centralized cloud systems with Internet of Things devices. Smart meters, cameras, and wearable technology are examples of IoT devices and sensors, which are located near devices that produce raw data. They serve as the ecosystem's data sources for fog computing. Fog nodes are servers or intermediary devices placed close to data sources. They carry out operations such as preprocessing, analytics, data gathering, and decision-making. Routers, switches, gateways, and edge servers are a few types of fog nodes. Fog nodes manage tasks in real time, while the cloud offers longterm data management, more storage, and advanced analytics. IoT devices, fog nodes, and the cloud are all connected by a variety of communication protocols, including as Ethernet, Wi- Fi, and cellular networks.

By processing real-time data from sensors and traffic cameras, fog nodes placed at intersections provide adaptive traffic signal regulation to ease traffic. Rapid detection of possible threats or emergencies is facilitated by localized processing of Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) material. Robotic process automation, real-time quality monitoring, and predictive maintenance are all made possible by fog computing in manufacturing. By processing sensor data locally, it helps industries increase productivity and decrease downtime. Through the analysis of wearable device data and the provision of real-time alerts for urgent conditions, fog computing facilitates telemedicine and monitoring of health remotely. In order to make fast decisions and prevent crashes self-driving cars use fog nodes to interpret data from LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, and sensors in real time. Fog computing is used by smart grids to instantly balance the supply and demand for electricity. Fog nodes optimize distribution, include renewable energy sources, and maintain up to date on local energy consumption. By facilitating real-time analysis of in-store activity and customized promotions, fog computing improves the customer experience. Fog nodes low-latency processing guarantees smooth interactions for AR/VR (Augmented Reality/Virtual Reality) and online gaming applications.

By facilitating low-latency processing and effective bandwidth utilization, fog computing advances 5G networks. This collaboration will be essential for linked cars, industrial automation, and smart city initiatives. By adding Artificial Intelligence (AI) capabilities, fog nodes would be better equipped to handle complex data locally and facilitate wise decisionmaking. In today's technological world, fog computing signifies an exciting advancement in the way data is handled and processed. It enables enterprises to provide faster, more dependable and more efficient services by bringing cloud capabilities to the technological advances of the network. Fog computing will be essential in determining the direction of technology as IoT grows, opening up new avenues for various businesses and raising people's standard of living everywhere.