Journal of Hematology & Thromboembolic Diseases
Open Access

Explanation of Hematological Disorders in infants /children

Moosa Patel^{* *}Correspondence: Moosa Patel, Department of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Email:

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About the Study

Types of disorders

Blood disorders in children/infants can range from very mild to life-threatening. We treat all types of childhood blood disorders, including:

• Sickle cell disease

• Thalassemia

• Childhood anemia

• Iron deficiency anemia

• Iron-Refractory Iron Deficiency Anemia (IRIDA)

• Congenital sideroblastic anemia

• Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia

• Megaloblastic anemia (including pernicious anemia)

• Hemolytic anemia

• Hemolytic disease of the newborn

• Hydrops fetalis

• Spherocytosis

• Hemochromatosis

Sickle cell disease: Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a blood disorder which is hereditary. In this condition, children have an abnormal shape of the red blood cell. Hemoglobin is a protein present in red blood cells which is useful for carrying ‘oxygen to all parts of the body [1]. Patient with the SCD have not get enough oxygen. In this condition the red blood cells die early [2]. Leaving short age of red blood cell it block the blood vessels their by blood flow will be blocked leads to pain (sickle cell crisis)

Thalassemia: Thalassemia (thal-uh-SEE-me-uh) is an acquired blood problem that makes your body to have less hemoglobin than normal. Red bloods cells enable to carry oxygen. Thalassemia also leads to anemia. In case of having mild thalassemia probably won't require treatment. But more severe forms might require regular blood transfusions.

Iron deficiency anemia: It occurs due to lack of iron in the diet. She or he would possibly expand a situation referred to as iron deficiency. Iron deficiency in children is a most common problem. It can arise at many levels, from a slight deficiency the entire manner to iron deficiency anemia. A situation where in blood does not have sufficient wholesome red blood cells with the iron [3]. And heavy destruction of red blood cell or may be blood loss, lack of hydrochloric acid leads to iron deficiency.

Congenital sideroblastic anemia: Congenital Sideroblastic Anemia (CSA) takes place whilst the bone marrow fails to supply an enough quantity of wholesome red blood cells. Instead, it produces sideroblasts (strange red blood cells that usually mature into redblood cells) wherein iron accumulates withinside the mitochondria.

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia: Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia (CDA) is a rare, inherited blood disorders. People with CDA do now no longer produce red blood cells normally. This usually effects in anemia (low red blood cell count) and an excessive amount of iron with inside the body. Over time, CDA can lead to organ damage.

Treatment and its prevention

Based on the type of disorder, treatment is depended and might consist of easy observation, use of steroids and different immune-modulating therapies, transfusions or coagulation element support, increase element supplementation, chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. The drugs used in treatment of blood disorders are Ferrous sulfate. It is oral solution and very expensive, Methylprednisolone it is used for acute condition, route of admission is intra venous; Pedi kid Iron + Vitamin B Complex, in this, 1 teaspoon contains 7 mg of iron [4].

Conclusion

Annual body check-ups regularly, Regular exercise and maintain good food habits, ,commonly among a while four months and six months — offer ingredients with brought iron, inclusive of iron-fortified infant cereal, pureed meats and pureed beans body weight. Get a quantity of sleep each day, avoid cow's milk until after age one, feed the baby with breast milk it contain high amount of iron.

References

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3. Rees DC, Williams TN, Gladwin MT. Sickle-cell disease. Lancet. 2010;376(9757):2018-2031.

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4. Capenko S, Kozireva S, Folkmane I, Bernarde K, Rozentals R, Murovska M. Anemia as a complication of parvovirus b19 infection in renal transplant recipients. Medicina. 2012;48(6):44.

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