Journal of Glycobiology

Journal of Glycobiology
Open Access

ISSN: 2168-958X

+44 1478 350008

Mini Review - (2021)Volume 10, Issue 2

Glycolipids: Lipids with a Carbohydrate Attached Glycosidic Bond

Ridhi Shah*
 
*Correspondence: Ridhi Shah, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, Delhi, India, Email:

Author info »

Abstract

Glycolipids are amphiphilic components of cell films, composed of a hydrophilic polar sugar head group and a hydrophobic a polar lipid moiety securing the atom within the layer. The sugar portion may change from little saccharide units to exceptionally expansive polysaccharide chains. Agreeing to their point by point chemical structure, in specific of the sugar portion, these compounds may satisfy a assortment of natural capacities imperative for numerous forms in life. To these functions have a place forms of acknowledgment, attachment and cell flagging as well as impact on film parameters such as smoothness and space arrangement . specific mammalian glycolipids may serve as transmitter and capacity component of data, and others from bacterial root have a place to the most grounded activators of the human resistant framework.

Introduction

Glycolipids are lipids with a carbohydrate connected by a glycosidic (covalent) bond [1]. Their part is to preserve the solidness of the cell layer and to encourage cellular acknowledgment, which is significant to the immune reaction and within the associations that allow cells to put through to one another to create tissues. Glycolipids are found on the surface of all eukaryotic cell layers, where they amplify from the phospholipid bilayer into the extracellular environment.

The most function of glycolipids within the body is to serve as acknowledgment locales for cell–cell intelligent. The saccharide of the glycolipid will tie to a particular complementary carbohydrate or to a lectin (carbohydrate-binding protein), of a neighboring cell. The interaction of these cell surface markers is the premise of cell acknowledgments, and starts cellular reactions that contribute to exercises such as direction, development, and apoptosis [2].

An illustration of how glycolipids work inside the body is the interaction between leukocytes and endothelial cells amid irritation. Selectins, a course of lectins found on the surface of leukocytes and endothelial cells tie to the carbohydrates connected to glycolipids to start the resistant reaction. This authoritative causes leukocytes to take off circulation and assemble close the location of aggravation. This can be the beginning official instrument, which is taken after by the expression of integrins which form more grounded bonds and permit leukocytes emigrate toward the location of inflammation [3]. Glycolipids are too dependable for other reactions, outstandingly the acknowledgment of have cells by viruses [4]. Blood sorts are an case of how glycolipids on cell films intervene cell intelligent with the encompassing environment.

The fundamental include of a glycolipid is the presence of a monosaccharide or oligosaccharide bound to a lipid moiety. The foremost common lipids in cellular layers are glycerolipids and sphingolipids, which have glycerol or a sphingosine spines, individually. Fatty acids are associated to this spine, so that the lipid as a entirety includes a polar head and a non-polar tail. The lipid bilayer of the cell film comprises of two layers of lipids, with the internal and external surfaces of the layer made up of the polar head bunches, and the internal portion of the layer made up of the non-polar greasy corrosive tails.

The saccharides that are joined to the polar head bunches on the exterior of the cell are the ligand components of glycolipids, and are moreover polar, permitting them to be solvent within the fluid environment encompassing the cell [5]. The lipid and the saccharide frame a glycoconjugate through a glycosidic bond, which may be a covalent bond.

Glycolipids are fundamental constituents of cellular films with a tall number of capacities. They may act as receptors, be critical for cell accumulation and separation, and may be mindful for particular cellular contact and for flag transduction.

References

  1. Voet D, Voet J, Pratt C. Fundamentals of Biochemistry Life at the Molecular Level (Fourth ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Glycobiol. 2013.
  2. Schnaar RL. "Glycolipid-mediated cell-cell recognition in inflammation and nerve regeneration". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. J Glycobiol. 2004; 426: 163– 72.
  3. Cooper GM. "Cell-Cell Interactions". The Cell: A Molecular Approach (2nd ed.). Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates. J Glycobiol. 2000.
  4. Wang B, Boons G. Carbohydrate Recognition: Biological Problems, Methods, and Applications. John Wiley & Sons. J Glycobiol. 2011:66.
  5. Aureli M, Grassi S, Prioni S, Sonnino S, Prinetti A. "Lipid membrane domains in the brain". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. J Glycobiol. 2015; 1851: 1006– 16.

Author Info

Ridhi Shah*
 
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Delhi, India
 

Citation: Shah R. (2021) Glycolipids: Lipids with a Carbohydrate Attached Glycosidic Bond. J Glycobiol 10:157.

Received: 03-Mar-2021 Accepted: 16-Mar-2021 Published: 23-Mar-2021 , DOI: 10.35248/2168-958X.21.10.157

Copyright: © 2021 Shah R. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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