Journal of Glycobiology
Open Access

Glycosphingolipids and Cell death

Akshara. N^{* *}Correspondence: Akshara. N, Department of Pharmacology, Pullareddy institute of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, India, Email:

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Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a family of bioactive lipids that in expansion to their part within the control of basic properties of layer bilayers have developed as vital players in numerous natural forms and signal transduction pathways. Instead of being consistently conveyed inside layer bilayers, GSLs are localized in specific spaces called lipid rafts where numerous signaling stages work. One of the foremost imperative capacities of GSLs, especially ceramide, is their capacity to direct cell passing pathways and subsequently cell destiny. This complex part is fulfilled by the capacity of GSLs to act in unmistakable subcellular key centers, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or lysosomes to intercede apoptosis, ER push, autophagy, lysosomal layer permeabilization and necroptosis. Thus superior understanding the part of GSLs in cell passing may be of significance for a number of neurotic forms and infections, counting neurodegeneration, metabolic liver diseases and cancer.

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are omnipresent components of layer bilayers where they play key basic capacities. Be that as it may, in light of later prove amid the past decade, the part of GSLs in science has risen above from their classical work as controllers of biophysical properties of film bilayers to being considered key dynamic players in numerous organic forms, signaling pathways and cell passing control. This family of lipids comprises of an sphingoid long chain base to which a greasy corrosive is N-acylated to create an amide bond at the C2 position, and different polar or non-polar head bunches at the C1 position. Their characteristic affiliation with cholesterol characterizes particular spaces of film bilayers that display interesting physical properties where key signaling stages work within the direction of imperative cell forms, counting multiplication, sencescence, separation and passing pathways. Among GSLs ceramide is the leading characterized and most examined model due to its depiction as a moment delivery person in reaction to stress, apoptotic triggers, chemotherapy, irritation and within the direction of digestion system. The digestion system to other subsidiaries with master or antiapoptotic functions illustrate the complex part of GSLs and ceramide, in specific, within the direction of apoptosis. Surprisingly, whereas interaction of GSLs with mitochondria advances the discharge of proapoptotic mitochondrial proteins to lock in caspase enactment, which underlies their best-studied part in activating cell passing, GSLs utilize other pathways and intracellular organelles to actuate cell passing [1]. This flexibility deciphers within the capacity of GSLs to actuate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stretch, autophagy, lysosomal film permeabilization (LMP) and necroptosis, which open up the potential of GSLs as proapoptotic lipid players interceding the impact of push, cytokines and the activity of numerous antitumoral treatments, counting ionizing radiation and chemotherapy. Within the display survey, we summarize the control of GSLs digestion system and their different components of activity in starting cell passing pathways [2].

The intrigued on GSLs within the logical community has revived taking after their development as moment couriers in signaling pathways and as vital players in cell passing direction. A specific imperative situation of this recharged consideration included the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and its central arrange of MOMP, which is controlled by the activities of individuals of the Bcl-2 family of proteins Bax and Bak.

References

1. Hannun YA, Obeid LM. Principles of bioactive lipid signalling: lessons from sphingolipids. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2008; 9: 139-150.
2. Ogretmen B, Hannun YA. Biologically active sphingolipids in cancer pathogenesis and treatment. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004; 4: 604-616.

References

1. Hannun YA, Obeid LM. Principles of bioactive lipid signalling: lessons from sphingolipids. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2008; 9: 139-150.
2. Ogretmen B, Hannun YA. Biologically active sphingolipids in cancer pathogenesis and treatment. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004; 4: 604-616.